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Nebraska Bird Review

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1-1964

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32(1)

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Nebraska Bird Review (January 1964) 32(1), WHOLE ISSUE.
Copyright 1964, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Used by permission.

The Nebraska Bird Review

A Magazine of Ornithology of the Nebraska Region
VOLUME XXXII JANUARY, 1964 NUMBER 1

Published by the

NEBRASKA ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, INC.

Founded 1899

TABLE OF CONTENTS

A Study of the Nesting Behavior of the

Western Tanager .,,. 2

Yellow-crowned Night Heron Nesting . 9

General Notes .... ....... 12

Meeting and Reports ......... 15

Excerpts From Letters .......... 16

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October by the Nebraska
Ornithologists’ Union as its official journal and sent free to all members who
are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions at $3.50 per volume in the United
States and $3.75 in all countries, payable in advance. Single numbers,
$1.00 each. All dues and subscriptions should be remitted to the Treasurer,
Lee Morris, Bradshaw, Nebraska. Orders for back numbers should be sent to
the Custodian, Miss Bertha Winter, University of Nebraska State Museum,
Lincoln, Nebraska. All manuscripts for publication should be sent to the Edi¬
tor, Doris Gates, Nebraska State Teachers College, Chadron, Nebraska.

2

Nebraska Bird Review

A STUDY OF THE

NESTING BEHAVIOR OF THE WESTERN TANAGER

by Doris Gates

A study was made of the nesting
habits of the Western Tanager, Pi-
ranga ludoviciana, at the Biological
Station of the University of Montana
near Bigfork during the summer of
1963. Since few nests were observed
and the study extended through a
single season, this can only be con¬
sidered a small contribution to the
understanding of this species.

METHODS

This study was begun June 24 on
the first day of summer classes. In
most cases incubation had already
begun which precluded observations
of courtship, selection of nest sites,
sequence of egg laying and related
activities. Five nests with the possi¬
bility of the sixth were located and
will be referred to hereafter by num¬
ber.

Nests 1 and 3 were discovered June
25, nest 2 on June 28, nest 4 on June
30, and nest 5 on July 3. Two other
pairs of Western Tanagers were ob¬
served over short periods of time but
their nests were not found.

Observations were made through
an 8x40 monocular and a 20 power
spotting scope from a distance of 30
feet or more. Special attention was
given to attentiveness during incu¬
bation, intervals of feeding the young
by the adults from the time of hatch¬
ing until they were fledged, care
of fledglings, and use of songs and
calls. Aside from the time spent in
searching for nests and random ob¬
servations of other Western Tana¬
gers, nearly 50 hours of observations
extended from 4:00 A.M., until 8:30
P.M., with the majority of periods
falling between 8:00 A.M., and 5:00
P.M.

Three nests were collected and an¬
alyzed. Two fledglings were caught

from nest 1 and one from nest 3.

A circular area with a diameter
of 66.6 feet around each nest tree
was analyzed for species of trees,
their circumference and number, and
composition and general height of the
understory of shrubs.

NEST

Nesting trees were Douglas fir
(Pseudotsuga menziesii) except for
nest 2 which was in a grand fir
(Abies grcmdis ). All nests were in
the lower third of the trees on leafed
branches 20 to 25 feet from the
ground. Nest 3 was on a branch se¬
ven and a half feet long and was
placed four and a half feet from the
trunk, and nest 1 was on a branch
ten feet long and about seven feet
from the trunk. The latter was built
under a small branch which provided
a canopy for it.

Nests were built on small branches
which forked two or three times.
Though some smaller branches were
incorporated in the bottom layer of
the nests, the nests seemed to be so
loosely attached to the trees that
slight pressure from below was suf¬
ficient to remove it from the branch.
However, they seemed quite secure
on windy days. Light could be seen
through the nests at some places in¬
dicating that they were loosely con¬
structed.

All nests were located on branches
which extended over rather open
areas except nest 2 which was on a
branch extending toward a small
maple. Nest 3 was close to an area
heavily used by the personnel of the
Biological Station. In fact, incuba¬
tion and feeding the young continued
when a volleyball game was in pro¬
gress within 50 yards of the nest tree.

Nebraska Bird Review

3

Nest 1 was near an inhabited cabin
and above paths that were traveled
frequently, but activities of the nest
were not interrupted. Nest 4 had
little human activity near it and
nest 5 was located in a densely vege¬
tated area about 75 yards wide and
having a busy highway on one side
and a camping site of a state park
on the other. Nest 2 was most remote
from human activities and was aban¬
doned after two eggs had been laid
possibly because of the commotion
raised by the observer when trying to
find a suitable place for the blind.

A squirrel was observed leaving
nest 5 with something in its mouth
and subsequently there was no acti¬
vity around this nest which at least
suggests the fate of the young. Two
young birds were soon seen in the vi¬
cinity of nest 4, so these may have
fledged safely. Three young were

known from nest 3 and four from
nest 1.

Nests 2 (fig. 1) and 3 were collect¬
ed and measured as follows:

Width in mm. Depth in mm.
Nest Outside Inside Outside Inside

2 150x170 65x70 70 38

3 140x140 70x74 60 44

The outside of the nests was con¬
structed of coarse twigs largest of
which were 2 mm. in diameter. These
were twigs of mock orange. ( Phila¬
delphia lewisii), ninebark ( Physocar -
capitatus), snowberry ( Sympho-
ricarpos rivularis), and Douglas fir.
Inside this was a layer of finer twigs
such as snowberry, and the lining
consisted of finer rootlets, plant fi¬
bers, and hair. Nest 2 was lined from
top to bottom with black horse hair
perhaps from a pasture about a quar¬
ter of a mile away. The other nests
had a small amount of human hair
and fine nylon fishing leader.

Fig. 1.

Nest 2.

(See Text.)

4

Nebraska Bird Review

VOICE

The songs and calls of the Western
Tanager were divided into five classi¬
fications.

1. Primary song which Peterson
(1961) describes in his Field Guide
to Western Birds as being similar to
that of the Black-headed Grosbeak or
Robin but less sustained and hoarser.
This was given only by the male, and
July 20 was the last day this song
was heard at the station.

2. Cri-teek or cri-ti-teek which Pe¬
terson gives as pi-tic or pit-i-tic. This
was still being heard August 10 at the
conclusion of the study.

3. The fast song is like the primary
song but faster.

4. Plaintive call which was the
quality of a soft bluebird call.

5. Cher-ree syllables were used
especially by the young ones. The last
four were used by both adult Western
Tanagers. Several additional notes
were also heard, but descriptions are
inadequate.

Functions of the songs and calls
are somewhat speculative. The pri¬
mary song of the male could be heard
almost any time of the day from
various trees in the vicinity of the
nest. The singing perch was usually
in a high tree but not the highest
point in the tree. The male also fre¬
quently used the cri-teek call and
sometimes the female seemed to re¬
spond by leaving the nest, but at
other times she left when there was
no sound. She sometimes left when
the fast song was given, too. The fe¬
male often gave the cri-teek call as
she came to the nest during incuba¬
tion. In fact, this call directed the
observer to at least three of the
nests.

When the tanagers came to the
nest to feed the young, they usually

gave one of the first four calls, but
not with any regularity, and some¬
times they came without making any
sound at all. Only once did the nest¬
lings appear to raise their heads in
response to a call. This leads one to
believe that the calls were mainly sig¬
nals between the adults and not di¬
rected toward the young. The cher-
ree call was given by the young ones
shortly before and after they left the
nest. It was also given by the female
when she fluttered her wings in a
begging attitude toward the male, an
action which continued throughout
the incubation and nestling stages
but was not seen after the young
were fledged. The male was heard to
use this call only infrequently. Plain¬
tive calls were given sometimes by the
begging female and by both adult
tanagers when the young ones first
hatched.

INCUBATION

Only the female incubated. The
male did not come to the nest though
he came within three or four feet of
it sometimes when the female return¬
ed and sometimes came to within
20 feet when the female left. She
often left after he called and it ap¬
peared that the male called her from
the nest. However, sometimes she
left when there was no call.

When the female left, she flew
straight away without stopping or
making any sounds, but when she
returned, she stopped several times
before going on the nest. Fifteen
records were kept as to whether the
female made any sound when she re¬
turned to the nest with the following
results; eight times she gave the cri-
teek call, four, some other call, and
three times there was no sound.

The female maintained the same
position in the nest most of the time
being observed to turn in another
direction only two or three times.

Nebraska Bird Review

5

Attentiveness is given in the following table:

Attentiveness Minutes Percent
On 113 38.5

Off 177 61.5

290 100

NESTLING STAGE

The day the eggs hatched there was
a great deal of commotion including
the fast song given by both adults,
and variations of the plaintive call.
In addition, there was a sound made
by the wings as the adults flew. It
was heard more in the female flight
than the male. This sound was also
heard on the day the young ones left
the nest. Other expressions of excite¬
ment included the female’s perching
on the side of the nest for brief mo¬
ments and the male’s apparent in¬
spection of the contents of the nest
with eyes and beak. They chased
Swainson’s Thrushes, Black-capped
Chickadees, Audubon’s Warblers,
Red-breasted Nuthatches and other
birds not identified. Each chase lasted
a few seconds though a chickadee
was chased until it left the nest tree.
The male came fairly close, within
ten feet, to the observer several
times and looked directly at her
spreading the tail and wings slightly
and lowering the wings slightly.

The first insects brought as food
were very tiny, and the adults appear¬
ed to crush them in their beaks before
feeding the young. Food consisted
mainly of insects though a few times
very bright red fruits, possibly red
raspberries, were fed to the young.
There were no fecal sacs the first
few days which suggested that the
adults may have eaten the feces.
Later, fecal sacs were removed by
either parent.

When the adults came to the nest
to feed the young, they always stop-

No. of

Observations

Ave.

Median

9

12

13

15

12

11

~24

ped two or three times before perch¬
ing on the edge of the nest but they
did not use the same route every
time. They usually stopped on the
branch holding the nest before going
to it at which time the young raised
their heads and gaped. The adults
usually flew only a short distance in
the same tree or a tree nearby before
flying away except when a fecal
sac was present when the birds flew
directly away to a tree 50 feet or
more distant and deposited the sac
on a branch. A few times the birds
caught food and returned to the nest
within a minute. When both adult
tanagers came to the nest tree at the
same time, the male always fed the
nestlings before the female did. Only
rarely were both birds on the edge of
the nest at the same time. If the male
was at the nest, the female waited
a short distance away until he left,
then she fed the young. If the fe¬
male was at the nest when the male
arrived, she seemed to hurry away.

The following table gives (a) the
frequency with which the adults fed
the nestlings, (b) whether it was the
male or female that fed, and (c)
whether a sound was made by the
adult. The last item was based on
155 records.

The average interval between feed¬
ings was slightly over five minutes
and the median was four. The great¬
est interval was 46 minutes which
occured after a Cooper’s Hawk flew
to a nearby tree and perched for
about one minute. The pattern of
feeding, especially in older nestlings,
seemed to be several in rapid succes-

6

Nebraska Bird Review

Adult

Feedings

Percent

Silent

Percent

Sound

Percent

Male

149

57.8

37

37.0

63

63.0

Female

109

42.2

32

58.2

23

41.8

258

100.0

69

44.5

55.5

sion of one to seven minutes followed
by longer intervals of nine to sixteen
minutes.

There were only 18 records of
brooding and these occured mostly
during the first days after hatching.
The female was on the nest from one
to thirty minutes with two minutes
being the median. Often the female
was on the nest for only a small part
of a minute then flew off, seemingly
after a call by the male at which
time he sometimes fed the young but
not always. The male was not seen
to brood the young.

It looked as though the female was
on the nest at night though at the
distance of observation this could not
be determined definitely. No shading
of the young was noted though the
nest was occasionally in the sun.

FLEDGLING STAGE

The young birds in nest 3 were
exercising their wings at least three
days before they left the nest July
15, the twelfth day after hatching.
At 7:30 A.M., two young ones could
be heard giving the cher-ree call in
the shrubbery about 30 feet away
and across a narrow road from the
nest. The one remaining young was
found on the ground at 8:30 A.M.
After it had been weighed, measured,
and banded, it was placed on the
ground under the nest. Calling con¬
stantly, it hopped and fluttered into

a small shrub, then started across
the open space across a road toward
the shrubbery where the others had
been heard earlier. It worked from
stem to stem up small shrubs and
finally into a small tree until attain¬
ing a height of 15 feet when it flew
over a small shed and lit on the
ground. It immediately started up
another small shrub and finally rest¬
ed for several minutes. No adults
were around when the young tanager
was making its way across the road,
but soon after it reached the shrub¬
bery the female was in evidence
and she seemed to lead' the young
tanager farther into the denser veg¬
etation by cri-teek calls and short
flights. When the young bird came
to a point on a twig about three feet
above the ground, it seemed to rest
though it was in the open and quite
exposed. It rested 15 or 20 minutes
before continuing its efforts to get
higher into a tree. When it reached
a height of about 12 feet in a small
grand fir, it remained there from
10:00 A.M. until 2:00 P.M. By
4:00 P.M. it had moved at least 100
yards from the nest tree by short
flights from tree to tree and finally
by a rather long flight of about 50
feet.

This young tanager was found the
next morning at 7:30 and again in
the afternoon about 5:00 both times
being located by its begging cher-ree
call. It was not found the third day.
The last time it was seen, it was on a
birch branch about 25 feet high.

Nebraska Bird Review

7

The fledging of nest 3 was attend¬
ed by only the female. The male
came near but did not pay any at¬
tention to the young bird, only to the
observer. The female fed the young
one as much as 10 times in a period
of 18 minutes and was away from it
as long as eight to thirty minutes
at a time. When the adult left, the
fledgling remained quiet most of the
time, apparently sleeping. It did re¬
sume calling when there was some
commotion as chickadees feeding
nearby. If squirrels started their
chattering call, the young one became
silent again. Periods of silence ranged
from four to nineteen minutes with
six being the median in five records.
The female seemed to come to the
young one in response to its call, but
one time the female flew right next
to the young one before it was even
aware of her approach. She apparent¬
ly wakened it which indicates she
knew the location of the fledgling
without hearing it. She also offered
food without being stimulated to do
so.

Two young tanagers fell from
nest 1 between 4:00 P.M. and 6:30
P.M. on July 6. The two remaining
ones were gone July 9 and nothing
was seen of them. After the first
two tanagers were weighed, measured
and banded, they were released on the
ground under the nest. The first one
traveled across an open space calling
all the time as did the fledgling from
nest 3. At one time the female hop¬
ped on the ground ahead of it calling
and holding the tail slightly to one
side a little like that of the broken-
wing behavior of other birds though
it was far from being the same. There
were four or five people there at the
time and the female came as close as
a yard from the feet of one obser¬
ver. The young one hopped into a
shrub about 20 yards from the nest
tree. It was there the next morning,

and remained in another shrub a
short distance away for a day. Jud¬
ging by the amount of excrement
on leaves and ground, it stayed in
another shrub for at least another
day. Unfortunately there were no
observations for two days and it was
not seen again. It appeared that both
adults fed this young tanager but
careful records were not kept re¬
garding this activity. The second
young tanager from this nest was
not seen again.

Both adults became very bellige¬
rent when the young ones were out
of nest 1. They chased a red squirrel
up and down a tree for several min¬
utes on two different occasions, once
being assisted by an Audubon’s War¬
bler. The female chased a chipmunk
under a cabin, and again, chased one
for a distance of 25 feet or more all
the time making a rattling sound not
unlike that which a Brown Thrasher
makes when disturbed.

At 4:30 P.M. July 17 a young bird
was located by its cher-ree note in
the state park in the vicinity of nest
4. Several observations showed that
only the male fed it. Later a dead fe¬
male was found in a small tree below
nest 4 completely dessicated. There
is no way of knowing if she was the
female of nest 4. The next day an¬
other young bird was found in the
park but it could fly very well and
was in the company of a pair of Wes¬
tern Tanagers. August 8 a pair of
Western Tanagers was seen feeding
fledglings that were flying. These
were probably from a different nest.

Measurements taken of the fledg¬
lings were (a) from the bend of the
wing to the tip of the longest pri¬
mary, and (b) of primary 1. They are
given along with the weights of two
in the following:

Fledgling (a) (b) Weight

Nest 1-1 47mm. 33mm. 20.7 gr.

Nest 1-2 42mm. 30mm. — —

Nest 3 57mm. 40.5mm. 20.7 gr.

8

Nebraska Bird Review

VEGETATION

That the Western Tanager, at
least in this region, is closely asso¬
ciated with the Douglas fir is borne
out by the fact that four nests were in
Douglas firs. The other one was in
a grand fir. It was interesting to
note that there was at least one dead
tree within 66.6 feet of the nest tree
in all casses except one. They were
10 feet or more in height. The birds
were seen to use these trees as obser¬
vation and preening posts several
times. Whether dead trees are neces¬
sary to the activities of the tanagers
or there were so many dead trees as
to be a usual part of the environment
cannot be determined at this point.

The tops of the trees were 30 to 100
feet high with the majority of them
being closer to 100 feet. The second
layer of shrubs and small trees was
most dense around nest 4 probably
covering 75% or more of the ground.
Nest 3 had least with probably 10%
cover. This layer was composed of
plants 10 to 15 feet tall including
maples, ocean spray, service berry,
birch, mock orange, ninebark, and
young trees. A third layer was two
to four feet high and was made up
of thimbleberry, white spirea, Ore¬
gon grape, snowberry and wild rose.
Below this were the herbs.

The Western Tanagers spent most
of their food gathering time in the
tops of the trees actively searching
above and below the branches and
sometimes flycatching and tumbling
down through the branches. Their
actions were not unlike those of cer¬
tain warblers and were rather spec¬
tacular. The only time they did much
hunting in the understory was when
the young ones were on or near the
ground, and this was most obvious in
the parents at nest 1.

SUMMARY

Observations were made on the
nesting activities of the Western
Tanager, Piranga ludoviciana, dur¬
ing June and July of 1963 at the
Biological Station of the University
of Montana near Bigfork.

Structure of the nests, kinds of
calls, attentiveness, feeding pattern
of the nestlings, care of the fledg¬
lings, and types of nesting areas and
nesting trees were observed.

Attentive and inattentive periods
were nearly equal during the day and
only the female incubated. There was
little brooding of the young. Nest¬
lings were fed several times in rapid
succession followed by a short period
of little or no activity. The male fed
the nestlings more often than the
female did, and when both adults
came to the nest, the male fed the
young first. The female continued
to beg from the male until the young

Nebraska Bird Review

9

were fledged.

The calls made by the adult tana-
gers seemed to bring little response
from the nestlings and it is suggested
that their purpose may be signals
between the male and female.

Four nests were in Douglas firs
and one in a grand fir. Douglas fir
made up the bulk of the trees in the
nesting area. Nests were located to¬
ward the end of branches 20 to 25

feet high and were loosely constructed
and loosely connected to the bran¬
ches.

(This study was made in a prob¬
lems course at the University of
Montana under the direction of Dr.
Victor Lewin. Mrs. Clyta Rietsma,
another student at the Biological
Station, assisted in locating some of
the nests.) -Chadron State College,
Chadron.

YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON NESTING

In Nebraska

by Roger S. Sharpe

For years the Yellow-crowned
Night Heron, Nyctanassa violacea
(Linnaeus), has been seen sporadi¬
cally in the spring and summer in
eastern Nebraska. Repeated observa¬
tions of adult individuals and im-
matures during the breeding and
post-breeding seasons have led to
some speculation as to the species’
nesting in the state. These sightings
have generally been attributed to the
wanderings of un-mated individuals
and post-breeding dispersal of ma¬
tures and immatures, 1

Nyctanassa violacea violacea (L)
breeds locally from Oklahoma, south¬
eastern Kansas, Missouri, and west¬
ern and central Tennessee, rarely
from Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio, and
on the Atlantic Seaboard from Mas¬
sachusetts south into eastern Mexico
and eastern Central America, includ¬
ing the Gulf Coast of the United
States. 1

There has been a gradual increase
in the number of reported sightings

of the Yellow-crowned Night Heron
in the state within the last 20 years
with a greater preponderance of re¬
ports within the last decade. (Table
1). According to Palmer this species
is extending its range northward. 4
W. H. Brown of Des Moines, Iowa,
recorded two pairs nesting in that
vicinity in 1956. Recurrent nesting
occurred in succeeding years through
1960 with the exception of 1958. No
data are available since 1962. This
is apparently the closest recorded
nesting of the species to the eastern
Nebraska area.

This year (1963) a definite record
of a nesting attempt of this species
has been established but the nest was
not successful. For the last three
years one or more individuals have
been spending the late spring and
summer in or near the marshland
bordering Fontenelle Forest in Sarpy
County, Nebraska (Table 1). With
individuals being present within the
normal nesting period (April-July),
speculation arose as to the possibil-

10

Nebraska Bird Review

ity of its nesting in the area,* In
May, 1962, James Malkowski, Omaha,
and I made unsuccessful attempts at
locating a nest.

This April (1963) a pair appeared
again in the Fontenelle Forest marsh¬
land. At the Nebraska Ornithologist’s
Union spring field day on May 4 the
first official nest of a pair of Yel¬
low-crowned Night Herons was sight¬
ed by a group of N.O.U. members.
From that day I made twice weekly
trips to the nest to observe nesting
activity.

N. v. violacea nests in a variety
of habitats from wet to dry terrain,
swamps, bayous, but always in
trees or shrubbery. More usually it
nests in lush river swamps. In the
U.S. it nests most often in willows
close to water. 4 This correlates some¬
what to the habitat of the Nebraska
nester. This pair nested in Missouri
River bottom-land with predominant
w e 11-e s t a b 1 i shed elm-cottonwood
growth. The nest was located in a
boxelder tree at a height of about
40 feet. The distance from a nearby
stream was about 50 feet. A swamp-
marsh was about one-eighth mile
distant. At the beginning of the ob¬
servations both birds were at the
nest. While one incubated the other
perched on a limb a few feet away.
They appeared not too annoyed at
the presence of a human. Sometimes
the perching bird left its perch, flew
a small circle above tree level around
the observer, then returned to or near
the original perch. The nest was of
stick material estimated at 20 inches

*Apparently those birds nesting in
the more southerly regions of the
breeding range tend to nest earlier
than those in the more northern re¬
gions. 4 This could account for some
post-breeding dispersal in the late
spring and early summer months.

in diameter at its widest being slight¬
ly oblong. It appeared quite flimsy,
being not very deep, and looking as
if thrown together.

It was very difficult to distinguish
between the two birds except for one
having a somewhat brighter crest
than the other. Later in the incuba¬
tion period (May 17) only one bird
was on the nest, the other was feeding
in the stream nearby. It became ap¬
parent that both birds incubated by
their comparative difference in crest
brilliance, but no exchange of incuba¬
tors was witnessed.

On June 2 the nest was not occu¬
pied by an incubating bird. The last
recorded incubation was May 28. The
pair was in the nearby marsh feed¬
ing. The nest appeared empty. In
succeeding visits the birds were not
at the nest, and there was no indica¬
tion of young. Apparently nesting
activity had ceased. No indication of
predator violence was present as the
nest was intact. No shells or evidence
of young were present on the ground.
The trees surrounding and in which
the nest was located were quite bare
throughout the month because of
canker-worm infestation; therefore,
affording no shade protection from
sun to the eggs when the parents
were absent. This possibly could
have affected the eggs. No young
were definitely seen although once
what appeared to be down was seen
protruding above the nest.

Since evidence of young or attend¬
ance at nest was not established
during the month following the last
incubation record, the nesting was
judged to be unsuccessful.

With the trend toward more ob¬
servations of adults and immatures
of this species in the state and the
thought that there is a definite ex¬
pansion of the species’ breeding
range northward, it is more and

Nebraska Bird Review

11

more probable that the bird has
nested and will again nest in the
state.

Observers noting frequent occur¬
rences of this species in a given lo¬
cality, even though a single adult,
should make a more thorough census
of the respective area with the pos¬
sibility of finding another adult or
pair. Close observations of the birds
could lead to more nesting records.—

Dept, of Zoo., Uni. of Nebraska,
Lincoln

TABLE I

Occurrence of Nyctanassa violacea in Nebraska since 1939*

Year

Date

County

No. Seen

1939

Apr. 10

Adams

1

1943

Apr. 23

Adams

1

May 23

Sarpy

2

1948

May 3

Adams

1

May 26

Sarpy

—

1954

May 1

Adams

—

May 1

Sarpy

1

May 4, 6

Lancaster

1

1955

July 23

Saunders

1 adult
1 imm.

1956

May 6

Antelope

1

May 12

Adams

1

1957

Apr. 29

Adams

1

1959

Apr. 29

Nemaha

1

1960

May 8

Adams

1

May 14

Garfield

—

May 28-Aug. 15

Sarpy

—

Aug. 14

Lancaster

1 adult

1 imm.

Sept. 5

Lancaster

—

1961

May 16

Antelope

—

June 24

Sarpy

—

July 22-Aug. 19

Sarpy

—

1962

Apr. 29

Platte

—

May 9-June 30

Sarpy

8

May 10

Adams

—

June 10

Lancaster

—

1963

Apr. 25

Sarpy

2

‘Compiled from

seasonal reports in

Nebr. Bird Review

since 1939.

LITERATURE CITED

1. American Ornithologists' Union

1957 Check list of North Ameri¬
can Birds. Fifth Edition:51

2. Brown, W. H.

1956-60 Audubon Field Notes.
10(5):.S86; 11(5) :408; 12(5):

416; 13(5) :433; 14(5) :453

3. Nebraska Bird Review. Seasonal

reports since 1939.

4. Palmer, Ralph S.

1962 Handbook of North Ameri¬
can Birds, Vol. 1. (Yale Uni.
Press) pp. 484-491

12

Nebraska Bird Review

GENERAL NOTES

GREEN-TAILED TOWHEE AT
STAPLETON.—On May 31, 1963, I
discovered a bird under a drop trap
that was not in use. The trap was on
a rough ground making it possible
for the bird to crawl under. When
I removed it from the trap I was
thrilled by its beauty and I had no
idea what species it might be. With
Mrs. Glandon’s help we located an
exact picture in our books—a Green¬
tailed Towhee. There seems to be
only a few records of this species
in Nebraska, all west of Logan
County. It is recorded in Scotts Bluff,
Box Butte and Keith Counties rang¬
ing from 1957 to 1961 with only six
recorded observations including one
banded by Mrs. Roy Witschy of
Scottsbluff. Our speciman was re¬
leased carrying band No. 63-175621.
—Earl W. Glandon, Stapleton.

SURF SCOTER IN ROCK COUN¬
TY.—According to the Revised Check¬
list of Nebraska Birds (1958), the
Surf Scoter ( Melanitta perspicillata)
is shown as an accidental winter visi¬
tor in eastern Nebraska. On Novem¬
ber 22, 1963, a juvenile female of
this species was shot on Lake George
in Rock County, 19 miles south and
two miles west of Bassett.

This observation may constitute
a new record for north-central Ne¬
braska. The skin of this bird was
preserved for verification of the
species.— Karl E. Menzel; Game,
Forestation and Parks Commission,
Bassett.

WHITE IBIS IN ROCK COUNTY.
—According to the 1958 Revised
Check-list of Nebraska Birds, the
White Ibis ( Guara alba) had not
been recorded in Nebraska and was
not on the hypothetical list. Appar¬
ently there has been no published re¬
cord of its occurrence since that date.

On August 1, 1963, I observed an
Ibis on a pond one-half mile south of
Bassett. At the time light was too
poor for species identification. On
August 8, I observed a juvenile
White Ibis at the same location. On
August 9, using a 16 millimeter cam¬
era with a four-inch lens, movies
were taken. The Ibis was at the same
location on August 10, 16, 17, and
19. On August 21 the pond was dry
and, consequently, the Ibis had left
the immediate vicinity.

Dr. Paul Johnsgard of the Univer¬
sity of Nebraska viewed the movie
film and confirmed the species identi¬
fication. His cooperation is apprec¬
iated.— Karl E. Menzel; Game, For-
estation and Parks Commission, Bas¬
sett.

BOREAL OWL IN WEBSTER
COUNTY.—I should let you know
what I saw this morning (December
16, 1963). When I went to the barn
for fuel before daylight, I heard the
fluttering of wings as some bird
tried in vain to escape through a
small window. I quickly put the
flashlight beam on it and there was
an owl. Since it was the size of a
Screech Owl I took it to be a member
of that species. It was only about
six feet away and was temporarily
blinded by the light. Suddenly I be¬
came aware of the fact that it had
no ear tufts and I realized I was
looking at a Richardson’s (Boreal)
Owl. It was too large for the Saw-
whet Owl and the beak was pale in
color. The next night I heard it in the
barn again.— Harold Turner, Bladen

(and Holstein)

(The Revised Check-list of Nebraska
Birds states that two of these birds
have been seen in Nebraska, both at
Lincoln.—Ed.)

Nebraska Bird Review

13

NOTES FROM BLADEN, WEB¬
STER COUNTY.—Although on one
other occasion I did have a silhouette
view (unreported, about October 18,
1956), it was not until November 21,
1962, that I had a daytime observa¬
tion of the Double-crested Cormorant.
Coming in ahead of a colder change
of weather, a flock of perhaps 30 was
seen flying low over the ridge to the
west of my farmstead. The day be¬
ing cloudy caused me to mistake
them for geese at first.

On August 8, 1962, a Yellow-bellied
Flycatcher was seen, at close range,
in a tamarisk tree here by my house.
It was early in the morning, before
sunrise, but the details were very
distinct, and I believe there is no
danger of confusion with the Aca¬
dian in this distance. It was per¬
haps 12 to 15 years ago that I saw
a small flycatcher in spring time giv¬
ing the impression of a miniature
Western Kingbird. I felt sure it was
a “yellow belly” but did not report
it, I think.

It was on September 14, 1962,
that I scored a nice “double.” First
to be seen was a Solitary Vireo, just
outside the kitchen window, as it
perched in the bushes along the north
side of the house. Details were un¬
mistakable in his case, and also with
the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher seen about
two hours later. Although not at as
close range and more briefly seen,
details were very distinct both by the
un-aided eye and through the glass
(in the latter). Then the bird was
heard singing which was a treat,
indeed.

On September 23, 1962, what is
described in some bird books as “al¬
most astonishing” was my feeling
as I heard an adult male Blackburn¬
ian Warbler perched in the staghorn
sumac at the corner of my house.
This observation was made from an

upstairs window so I viewed it from
above.

Not until October 2, 1962, did I
make an acquaintance with the Fox
Sparrow. Again, details were unmis¬
takable, and if I understand correct¬
ly, there are two color phases. This
one was the “red.” I heard its call
several times, too .—Harold Turner ,
Bladen (and Holstein).

DICKCISSE LS.—My study of
Dickcissels raised some questions.
Where do they go when frustrated in
nesting activities by mowing and
harvesting alfalfa, grain and grass?
As in other years, a field full of sing¬
ing Dickcissels vanish overnight
when the mower takes the plant cov¬
er. Only exceptions are a pair now
and then missed along the road or
river. I think they travel farther
north.

I have found nests on the ground
in tufts of grass, supported only by
the upright stems, not fastened.
Sometimes they hang from the tops
of grass. They like buckbrush and
hang the nest under the tops of the
bushes. Or they use crotches of low
trees for nesting sites. Most seem to
nest on the ground. They like thick
tufts of grass over a foot high. I
have not found a nest in its begin¬
ning though I had an offer of $5.00
out besides an incredible number of
hours in the field myself.

Are there several sub-species in
Nebraska? It sounds to me as if some
have huskier voices. Dozens of pairs
may use one field but each one has
his special singing perch. He sings
from other perches when I walk
near. Telephone wires, weed stems
and fences all serve as singing per¬
ches.

Dickcissels have a hard time. They
are plagued with mowing machines
which destroy their habitat. Cow-
birds lay eggs in their nests. Sum-

14

Nebraska Bird Review

mer heat kills the young, and always
snakes abound.

I’ve decided that it would be more
practical to study the species one
finds on excursions rather than giv¬
ing special thought to the species one
really wants to study, for me, the
Dickcissel.—7o/a Pennington, Wau-
neta.

HOUSES AND HOUSE WRENS.
—Everyone around here seems to
think that wrens prefer weathered
houses. This year I exploded their
theory. On May 10 I put two new
bird houses in my yard. On May 12
I noticed that wrens were carrying
sticks into both houses. One was built
for a chickadee and was eight in¬
ches deep. Both families raised a
brood of young. I also put up a new
wren house and a new Downy Wood¬
pecker house at the cabin. I forgot
to hang these until May 26. On May
30 when we again went to the cabin,
both houses were completely full of
sticks and occupied by wrens.

There is a great number of wrens
in the area around the cabin so the
housing there may have been short.
This was not true of our own yard,
however, since both our neighbors
to the south and east have old wren
houses that were un-occupied. I built
my houses with plenty of ventilation
and this may have contributed since
the neighbors’ houses were poorly
ventilated.— Mrs. Kermit Swanson,
Aurora.

POOR-WILLS NEAR POWELL.
—I first sighted the bird May 27
when I flushed it from a nest. The
nest contained two un-marked eggs
of an off white, with possibly a blu¬
ish tinge. The nest was on a patch
of bare ground under a sumac bush

On June 1, I frightened two adult
birds in the same area. This was
about 9:30 P.M., on a moonlight
night. On June 2, I got a rather
good look at the bird before it flush¬
ed. It had a rather large white
throat patch also white tips on the
corners of the tail.

June 4 only one egg remained in
the nest and three days later when
I went back, the lone egg was gone.
I did not see the birds again but on
July 17 I heard one or possibly two
birds calling about one half mile
from the old nesting site. The time
was about 8:00 P.M. They sounded
like they were saying "poor-will;
poor-will-ee.”

Having spent one summer in Ken¬
tucky, I am familiar with the Whip-
poor-will. The birds’ calls are consid¬
erably different and the Poor -
will is smaller but they are very
similar otherwise. A Whip-poor-will
spent the summer of 1955 in the
same area as the Poor-will was. I
never was able to see it, but I heard
it call almost every evening for over
a month.

I don’t think that I will ever be
lucky enough to come across another
nest, but I hope they come back and
nest here next year .—Glen L. Hoge,
Powell.

(Relative to this report, Mrs. Flor¬
ence Patton writes, "I feel sure the
bird Glen Hoge found nesting was the
PoOr-will. The location would have
been on the extreme eastern edge
of its habitat. But more convincing
was that the eggs were pure white
and it is in rocky, rough country,
no nest, just laid on a rock ledge.
He heard the Poor-will call two
years before he found the nest and
saw the bird closely.”)

Nebraska Bird Review

15

MEETINGS AND REPORTS

June 1, 1963, a group of 17 people
from Chadron, Scottsbluff and North
Platte met Mary Tremaine and Ber¬
tha Winter at the Crescent Lake Ref¬
uge where Richard Rogers, manager
of the refuge, directed a tour and
pointed out the birds of the area. It
was a hot sunny day and the group
was out from 9:00 A.M. until 5:00
P.M. The 70 kinds seen by the group
plus others seen by Mary and Bertha
brought the total count to 107. They
were listed as follows: Eared, Wes¬
tern and Pied-billed Grebes; Double-
crested Cormorant, Snowy Egret,
Black-crowned Night Heron, Ameri¬
can Bittern, Canada Goose, Mallard,
Gadwall, Pintail, Green-winged Teal,
Blue-winged Teal, American Wid¬
geon, Shoveller, Redhead, Canvas-
back, Lesser Scaup, Ruddy Duck,
Swainson’s, Roughlegged, Marsh and
Sparrow Hawks.

Sharp-tailed Grouse, Ring-necked
Pheasant, American Coot, Killdeer,
Long-billed Curlew, Upland Plover,
Spotted Sandpiper, Willet, White-
rumped Sandpiper, Dowitcher, Stilt
and Semipalmated Sandpipers, Amer¬
ican Avocet, Wilson’s and Northern
Phalaropes; Ringbilled, Franklin’s
and Bonaparte’s Gulls; Forster’s,
Common, and Black Terns.

Rock and Mourning Doves; Great
Horned and Burrowing Owls; Com¬
mon Nighthawk, Chimney Swift,
Flicker, Red-headed Woodpecker,
Eastern and Western Kingbirds,
Great Crested Flycatcher, Empido-
nax sp., Horned Lark, Rough-winged
and Barn Swallows, Blue Jay, Black¬
billed Magpie, Common Crow, Black-
capped Chickadee House and Long¬
billed Marsh Wrens, Catbird, Brown
Thrasher, Robin, Wood, Swainson’s
and Graycheeked Thrushes.

Loggerhead Shrike, Starling, Bell’s,
Red-eyed, and Warbling Vireos;
Black and White, and Yellow Warb¬
lers; Yellow-throat, American Red¬
start, House Sparrow, Bobolink,
Eastern and Western Meadowlarks,
Yellow-headed and Redwinged Black¬
birds, Orchard Oriole, Common Crac¬
kle, Brown-headed Cowbird, Scarlet
Tanager, Cardinal, Blue Grosbeak,
Dickcissel, American Goldfinch, Ruf¬
ous-sided Towhee, Lark Buntingf,
Savannah, Grasshopper, Vesper,
Lark, Chipping, and Field Sparrows.

In addition to these (and included
in the 107 total) Mary and Bertha
saw the Short-eared Owl along High¬
way #2, a Red-breasted Nuthatch,
Black-headed Grosbeak and Pine Sis¬
kin at Halsey and the Black-headed
Grosbeak also at Smith Lake.

Those who attended felt this a very
worth while trip and urged that
another similar one be taken in the
future.

September 28-29 the annual Fall
Field Day was held at Valentine
with Mrs. Chas. Reece taking care
of the local arrangements. A few
took part in a field trip on Satur¬
day, but the majority of the people
arrived for the Sunday field trip.
The morning was spent in the city
park and the Valentine Fish Hat¬
chery. Both places are excellent for
birds. The noon meal was eaten, pic¬
nic style, at the Valentine National
Wildlife Refuge south of Valentine
where Mr. and Mrs. Nelius Nelson
provided coffee and picnic tables.
The day was too short.

The list of birds seen was: Eared
and Pie-billed Grebes; Great Blue
Heron, American Bittern, Mallard,

Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc.
Chadron State College
Chadron, Nebraska
Return Requested

BULK RATE
U. S. POSTAGE
PAID

Permit No. 10
Chadron, Nebr.

Gadwall, Pintail, Green-winged and
Blue-winged Teals, American Wid¬
geon, Shoveller, Ruddy Duck, Red-
tailed, Swainson’s, Rough-legged and
Marsh Hawks; Osprey and Sparrow
Hawk, Greater Prairie Chicken,
Sharp-tailed Grouse, Ring-necked
Pheasant, Turkey, American Coot,
Killdeer, Common Snipe, Greater and
Lesser Yellowlegs, Ring-billed Gull,
Mourning Dove, Great Horned Owl,
Chimney Swift, Belted Kingfisher,
Flicker, Hairy and Downy Woodpeck¬
ers, Eastern Kingbird, Horned Lark,
Rough-winged and Barn Swallows,
Blue Jay, Black-billed Magpie, Black-
capped Chickadee, White-breasted
Nuthatch, Catbird, Brown Thrasher,
Robin, Eastern Bluebird, Pipit sp.,
Cedar Waxwing, Starling, Orange-
crowned, Nashville, Myrtle, Audu¬
bon’s and Wilson’s Warblers; House
Sparrow, Western Meadowlark, Yel¬
low-headed, Redwinged and Brewer’s
Blackbirds; Common Grackle, Cardi¬
nal, Pine Siskin, American Goldfinch,
Red Crossbill, Rufous-sided Towhee,
Savannah, Baird’s, Vesper, and Lark
Sparrows; Slate-colored Junco, Clay-
colored, Harris’, White-crowned,
White-throated, Lincoln’s and Song

Sparrows. This is a total of 79 spec¬
ies.

The officers would like an invita¬
tion for the 1964 Fall Field Day.

EXCERPTS FROM
LETTERS

“The date for our observation of
the Yellow-billed Cuckoo in the
Spring Migration and Occurrence
list, should be May 12 instead of
April 12. Someone might write a
paper on the Yellow-billed Cuckoo
and use this too-early date.”—Earl
Glandon, Stapleton.

“Will you please make a correction
of your statement in the October,
1963, Review that ‘many of these
records are from the Game Refuge
on Forney Lake, Iowa.’ From my
notes of the report I sent, only Peli¬
cans and Coots were noted there, and
that only to give the numbers seen.
They were also seen in Cass County
as were all the other birds listed.
Some were seen on the Game Refuge
here in Plattsmouth, but most were
from all over the country.”—Lorene
Heineman, Plattsmouth.

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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Copyright 1964, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Used by permission.

The Nebraska Bird Review

A Magazine of Ornithology of the Nebraska Region

VOLUME XXXII APRIL, 1964 NUMBER 2

Published by the

NEBRASKA ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, INC.

Founded 1899

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Notes on Dr. Solon R. Towne and Early Bird Study

in Omaha and Nebraska ....... 18

Harry C. Oberholzer ........ 28

Francis Lee Jaques ....... 29

Robert J. Niedrach .....30

1963 Christmas Bird Count in Nebraska ..33

General Notes ___........— 36

Treasurer’s Report—1963 .....-. 39

Letters to the Editor . 40

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October by the Nebraska
Ornithologists' Union as its official journal and sent free to all members who
are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions at $3.50 per volume in the United
States and $3.75 in all countries, payable in advance. Single numbers,
$1.00 each. All dues and subscriptions should be remitted to the Treasurer,
Lee Morris, Bradshaw, Nebraska. Orders for back numbers should be sent to
the Custodian, Miss Bertha Winter, University of Nebraska State Museum,
Lincoln, Nebraska. All manuscripts for publication should be sent to the Edi¬
tor, Doris Gates, Nebraska State Teachers College, Chadron, Nebraska.

18

Nebraska Bird Review

Notes on Dr. Solon R. Towne and Early Bird Study
in Omaha and Nebraska

Dr. Solon Rodney Towne was
bom at Stowe, Vermont, Dec. 20,
1846. His father was Jesse Towne, a
shoemaker, and his mother was
Salome Seabury Towne. The latter
was descended from John Alden
and Priscilla, and the former from
William Towne who came to Salem,
Massachusetts, in 1640.

Solon Towne attended the local
school and academies and was grad¬
uated from Dartmouth College from
the classical course in 1872, and
from the medical college in 1875.
In 1873 he married Harriet C. Som¬
ers of Greensboro, Vermont. They
had four children — Jessie, Mary,
Robert and Alice.

In 1876, after practicing medicine
a year in Brookfield, Vermont, Dr.
Towne moved with his family to
Enfield, Massachusetts, where they
lived until June, 1888.

In 1886, when Dr. Towne was 40
years old, he could identify but one
bird, a Robin. One of Dr. Towne’s
patients was the Rev. Charles A.
Savage, the minister of the Congre¬
gational Church attended by the
Towne family. He also had been a
boyhood friend in Stowe and a
classmate at Dartmouth. When the
Rev. Savage objected that there
was nothing he like to do outdoors,
Dr. Towne suggested that he take up
the study of birds and offered to go
with him.

*Taken from an unpublished ar¬
ticle by this name written by his
daughter Alice T. Deweese (Mrs.
Fred W.) of Lincoln. Her informa¬
tion was gathered from a number of
publications and interviews.

After a few experimental walks,
Rev. Savage’s interest was still not
aroused, but Dr. Towne’s was! A
few days later when the doctor was
driving home in his gig behind his
fast little horse, Kit, he heard a bird
song. Rather like a Robin, he
thought, but not quite. He realized
that the warble was sweeter and
more prolonged than a Robin’s. Ty¬
ing his horse, he stalked the bird,
observed its markings, and drove
home to look it up in a pamphlet he
had secured. It was a Rose-breasted
Grosbeak. His next identification
was of the Maryland Yellowthroat.

In 1888 the Towne family moved
to Omaha where Dr. Towne estab¬
lished an office with his brother-in-
law, Dr. A. B. Somers. He soon
specialized in Hygiene and State
Medicine which he taught in the
Creighton Medical College from
1894 to 1900. Then he changed to the
Omaha Medical College which was
soon absorbed by the University of
Nebraska. He taught there until
1917. He was Assitant Commission¬
er of Health for the city of Omaha
from 1892 to 1898 devoting most of
his attention to the control of con¬
tagious diseases in the city at large,
and in the schools where he also
worked to improve sanitary condi¬
tions. From 1899 to 1905 he was
employed by the State Board of
Health as State Inspector of Con¬
tagious Diseases during a wide¬
spread epidemic of Smallpox.

When the Nebraska Tuberculosis
Association was organized in 1907,
Dr. Towne was made chairman of
the Board of Directors to carry on
the actual work of the Association

Nebraska Bird Review

19

with an Executive Secretary. He
continued to supervise this work
until 1928.

Conservation of life thus became
his master motive, mainly in the
prevention of diseases and prema¬
ture death not only of human beings
but of plant, animal, and especially
bird life.

Nebraska was a fine place for
bird study, with eastern birds in the
deciduous forests along the Missouri
River and the eastern ends of small¬
er streams, and western birds in
the varied grasslands of the prair¬
ies and plains. Northern and south¬
ern birds were present also. Omaha
had many wooded areas in parks
and in unimproved tracts like Re¬
dick’s Grove which was only four
blocks west of Dr. Towne’s home at
26th and Farnam Streets. Beyond
the wooded areas were the open
fields.

Dr. Towne, alone or with one of
his three daughters, explored all of
the territory in and around Omaha,
opera glasses in hand, a stub of a
pencil in his pocket and a conven¬
ient cuff for listing the birds he
saw or heard. His favorite haunts
were Childs’ Point, and the river
bluffs north of Florence which he
reached by the first morning street
car and on foot. He was more inter¬
ested in hawks and owls than in
game and water birds. Song birds
were his great love.

On these rambles he observed not
only the birds but also all the trees
and the native plants. He admired
the Kentucky coffee tree. When he
found a ginkgo tree which had been
set out some years before near the
corner of 25th and Davenport
Streets, he was excited about look¬
ing it up and taking all the family
to see it. He gathered field mush¬
rooms and puff balls for the table,

or to dry for winter use. Brought
up in rocky New England, he took
much interest in the fertile wind¬
blown loess soil which stood up
firmly in perpendicular banks on
many cuts along Omaha streets.

He did not have to leave home
for all of his nature interests. He
identified nine kinds of ants in his
big yard. On a steep bank west of
his home where the native prairie
growth had not been disturbed, he
found 40 kinds of plants. Weather
observation was daily with him,
especially the study of winds and
clouds that might promise the rain
which was often so badly needed.

In 1897 Dr. Towne was appointed
physician of the Deaf and Dumb
Institute. He was distressed at the
meagerness of the mental life of the
children. He pointed out to them
the trees on the spacious grounds of
the Institute and the birds that fre¬
quented them. Then with the per¬
mission of Father William Rigge,
the astronomer at Creighton Col¬
lege, the doctor arranged for the
older children and a teacher to meet
him at the observatory where they
looked through the telescope. This
was the beginning of a pleasant
acquaintanceship with Father Rig¬
ge and the first of a series of visits
by the doctor to the observatory
when there was something special
going on in the sky.

In the mid-nineties, Dr. Towne
had his first contact with the pro¬
fessors in the University of Nebras¬
ka. Mrs. Towne had been one of the
three founders of the Omaha Wo¬
man’s Club in 1893, and was presi¬
dent of that organization in 1895-96.
At her instigation the club brought
Prof. Charles E. Bessey to talk on
the Flora of Nebraska and Prof.
Erwin H. Brabour who lectured on
the geologic ages. These lectures
were as meat and drink to Dr. and

20

Nebraska Bird Review

Mrs. Towne and they took all of
the family to hear them.

There was an especial reason for
Dr. Towne’s interest in Prof. Bes-
sey. In 1888 in an address to the
Nebraska Scientific Society in ses¬
sion at Bellevue College Prof. Bes-
sey had declared that the river
woods near the town contained
specimens of plants and birds not
found elsewhere in the state. Dr.
A. A. Tyler, professor of botany at
the Bellevue College, heard the ad¬
dress, investigated the region for
himself and began publicizing the
idea of making the Childs’ Point
area a reserve. When Dr. Towne
learned of the plan, he became in¬
defatigable as a worker for making
a reserve of the region for bird and
plant observations.

In the nineties Dr. Towne began
making talks to the schools urging
the boys to stop the common prac¬
tice of collecting birds’ eggs and
killing birds with gun and sling
shot. In this decade he became ac¬
quainted with other Omaha bird
observers. Mr. I. S. Trostler was a
bird student, but he was a collec¬
tor of birds’ nests and eggs, a prac¬
tice of which Dr. Towne highly dis¬
approved. The doctor believed that
only specimen birds should be col¬
lected, and then only for scientific
purposes. Another bird observer
was Mr. L. Skow, a fur-dresser for
the Aulabaugh Fur Co. and a taxi¬
dermist.

By 1900 Dr. Towne was recogniz¬
ed as a leading bird authority in
Omaha, and a small group of like-
minded bird-lovers was beginning
to gather around him. There were
no hunters or collectors among
them. Included were Mrs. George
Payne, Mrs. H. D. Neely, Miss Eliz¬
abeth VanSant and her cousin,
Frank Shoemaker; Miss Edith Tob-

itt, city librarian; Miss lone Duffy,
Miss Jeannette MacDonald, and
Miss Joy Higgins. Others were Mrs.
F. J. Burnett, Misses Lila and
Louise Burnett, Mrs. John Ring-
wait, Miss Mary Ellsworth and her
sister Mrs. William F. Baxter, Dr.
Harold Gifford, an ophthalmolo¬
gist; Dwight Pierce, an entomolo¬
gist; Dr. George Miller and Miles
Greenleaf, a cartoonist and news¬
paper reporter. L. O. Horsky, who
came to Omaha as a young man in
1903, happened almost at once upon
something Dr. Towne wrote for one
of the newspapers and became im¬
mediately a companion and life¬
long friend of Dr. Towne, and de¬
veloped into a leader in Nebraska
bird activities.

The Nebraska Ornithologists’ Un¬
ion was organized in the winter of
1899-1900. It developed out of the
Nebraska Ornithological Club com¬
posed mostly of Lincoln people and
led by Prof. Lawrence Bruner and
Prof. Robert Wolcott. The first of¬
ficers of the N.O.U. were Prof. Bru¬
ner, president; Mr. Trostler, vice-
president (later becoming presi¬
dent); Prof. Wolcott, recording secre¬
tary; and Mr. W. D. Hunter, cor
responding secretary. The first an¬
nual meeting of N.O.U. was held in
Lincoln in December, 1899. There
were many interesting papers and
a membership roll of over 90. An¬
nual meetings were held regularly
at first in the winter, and later in
May so that they might be combin¬
ed with field trips.

The N.O.U. leadership included
serious students, collectors, hunters
for sport, and a few schoolmen. The
University professors dominated the
group. First among them was Lawr¬
ence Bruner, professor of entomol¬
ogy and ornithology. Myron Swenk
was a pupil of Bruner’s who fob

Nebraska Bird Review

21

lowed in his footsteps and succeed¬
ed to his position. Dr. Charles E.
Bessey was professor of botany, and
his pupil, Dr. Raymond J. Pool, fol¬
lowed him as professor of botany
and chairman of the department.
Dr. Erwin H. Barbour was director
of the State Museum as well as pro¬
fessor of geology, and was succeed¬
ed much later by his student Dr. C.
Bertrand Schultz. Dr. Henry B.
Ward and Dr. Robert H. Wolcott
were professors of zoology. Prof.
Barbour, Bruner and Wolcott each
served as president of N.O.U., the
latter two more than once.

Another member of the group
was Frank Shoemaker who had liv¬
ed in Omaha and had had an office
job for the Union Pacific. His hob¬
bies were nature study and photog¬
raphy. He moved to Lincoln and
supported himself meagerly by do¬
ing photography for the University
departments of natural sciences. He
never married and lived alone in a
rooming house down town and in¬
dulged in many hobbies as collect¬
ing stamps, unusual books, and cor¬
responding with people in other
countries. He went wandering weeks
at a time over Nebraska taking ex¬
quisite photographs principally of
flowers which he hand-colored and
sold, often as transparencies for
window decorations. Eventually he
specialized in human pathology,
photographing for the University
College of Medicine.

Wilson Tout was superintendent
of schools in North Platte for many
years. Charles Fordyce was profes¬
sor of education and zoology at Ne¬
braska Wesleyan and came to the
University of Nebraska in 1898. W.
D. Hunter was a student of Bru¬
ner’s who became an assistant at
the University and later was game

warden in California. Others were
L. E. Hicks, professor of geology;
B. Shumate, instructor in zoology;
and F. W. Taylor who had taught
at Peru Normal and became profes¬
sor of horticulture at the Univer¬
sity. A number of doctors, too, were
serious bird students. Among these
were Dr. H. B. Lowry and Dr. F. L.
Riser of Lincoln, and Dr. M. L. Ea¬
ton of Fairbury. Dr. G. H. Peebles of
Lincoln made a collection of birds,
embalming them. Later he gave his
collection to August Eiche. Dr.
Towne joined the N.O.U. in 1902
and later was president as was Dr.
Lowry.

Many bird enthusiasts were
sportsmen like the Mocketts, Edwin
R., E. E. (“Eb”) and a cousin Fred.
Eb and Fred Mockett were expert
marksmen. Eb Mockett was also a
champion bicycle rider on high and
safety bicycles, and toured the
country to advertise the Stearns bi¬
cycle. A number, as Fred J. Brezee
(Brazee?) were also taxidermists.

August Eiche, a Lincoln florist,
did much bird observation with
Prof. Bruner and Wolcott. The three
often took the train to Weeping
Water and walked back to see how
many species they could identify.
They thought nothing of walking
20 or 25 miles. Mr. Eiche was a
taxidermist and gave over a thou¬
sand mounted birds to the State
Museum.

While there were a number of
Omaha people in the N.O.U., some
of them as well as some other Om¬
aha residents wanted to study, en¬
joy, and protect birds but it was in¬
convenient for them to go out of
town for meetings. Thus the Omaha
Audubon Society was founded by
Dr. Towne who was its first and
long-continued president.

22

Nebraska Bird Review

The destruction of birds was ap¬
palling. Pioneers took for food any¬
thing they could get from an ap¬
parently inexhaustible environment,
and hunting was one of the few rec¬
reations for pioneer men. So hunt¬
ing birds served a double purpose.
Quail on toast was a breakfast del¬
icacy in the 1890’s. Stuffed birds,
often under a glass dome, were con¬
sidered ornamental; and bird stu¬
dents kept and sold collections of
mounted specimens. The farmer
shot small birds convinced that they
robbed him of his grain. Hawks
were shot because they killed an
occasional chicken and sometimes
were nailed to the side of the barn—
150 of them together—by farmers
who didn’t realize how the hawks
checked depradations by rodents.
Horticulturists destroyed birds that
pecked the fruit. Market hunters in
the western part of the state killed
thousands of Prairie Chickens, Cur¬
lews, Snipes, ducks and a few geese.
After the entrails were pulled out
and the cavities filled with grass
the birds were put on a night train
east. In Omaha they were a special¬
ty on the menu offered at Ed Maur¬
er’s Restuarant and Saloon at 13th
and Farnam Streets.

In the territorial days before be¬
coming a state in 1867, Nebraska
had had some laws to safeguard the
supply of game birds; but the laws
were not adequate, and there was
not enough public support for them
to insure their enforcement. In 1864
a statute was passed forbidding the
killing of deer, antelope, elk, grouse
and Prairie Chicken during the
breeding season. By 1866, with some
changes in the length of the season,
turkey and quail were added, and
it was made unlawful to ship or sell
them.

Samuel Aughey, a highly educat¬
ed Lutheran minister with a scien¬
tific turn of mind since his child¬
hood in Pennsylvania, came to Da¬
kota City in 1864. After making col¬
lections of soils and shells, he stud¬
ied the native flora, enlarging the
list of the 300 species then known
in Nebraska to 2300 according to
A. T. Andrew’s “History of Nebras¬
ka.” He became professor of natur¬
al science at the University of Ne¬
braska in 1871, and in 1874 was ap¬
pointed “Director of Cabinets” as
the Director of the State Museum
was then called. He remained at the
University in these capacities un¬
til 1883.

Aughey, Nebraska’s first natural¬
ist, was the first man in the United
States to make extensive examina¬
tion of the contents of birds’ stom¬
achs to find out what they actually
eat. His study continued over 12
years and included 90 species and
630 specimens. He found many
grasshoppers and their eggs in birds,
stomachs and discovered that many
birds lived almost entirely on grass¬
hoppers during an infestation. He
urged that the preservation of birds
as insect destroyers be given na¬
tional attention.

In 1878 Aughey published a list
of birds found in eastern Nebraska
giving their common and scientific
names, telling when and where he
found them, and adding his obser¬
vations. His 1879 reports to the U.S.
Entomological Commission estab¬
lished that same year included not
only his list of birds but his find¬
ings of their stomach contents.

In 1881 it was made unlawful in
Nebraska to kill any of 16 named
species of insect-eating birds, or any
bird that was attractive in appear¬
ance or cheerful in song. A second
law forbade the killing of birds ex-

Nebraska Bird Review

23

cept by the common shoulder gun,
thus stopping the use of guns which
killed a great number of birds with
one shot. These two laws, together
with a third law prohibiting both
the killing of game birds during the
breeding season and going on an¬
other person’s land to hunt without
permission of the owner were quot¬
ed by Bruner in 1896 as Nebraska’s
three protective laws.

Samuel Aughey had made the
first contribution to Nebraska and
to the nation in proving the econom¬
ic value of birds. His successor was
Lawrence Bruner, Nebraska’s great¬
est naturalist.

Lawrence Bruner was born in
Pennsylvania in 1856, the year Sam¬
uel Aughey graduated from college
in the same state. The family mov¬
ed to Nebraska in 1858 and lived un¬
til 1869 on a farm west of Omaha.
Two of the old cottonwoods planted
by Lawrence’s father still stand, in
1962, at 1701 North 60th Street,
Omaha, in the yard of L. O. Horsky.

In 1869, the Bruner family moved
to West Point where they lived un¬
til 1888. During his boyhood, Lawr¬
ence was an observer of nature and
interested in natural science. When
he attended the Jones Select Acad¬
emy of Omaha, he was instructed in
natural science by Samuel Aughey
who came up from the University
of Nebraska. He learned the craft
of taxidermy for himself and also
to sell specimens to earn money.
During the grasshopper plague from
1874 to 1876 he studied and classi¬
fied grasshoppers. He worked with
the U. S. Entomological Commis¬
sion until 1887.

In 1888 Bruner was appointed en¬
tomologist at the Nebraska Agri¬
cultural Experiment Station which
had been organized the year be¬
fore. He continued as Special Agent
for the U. S. Entomological Com¬

mission, became Nebraska’s State
Entomologist and later professor of
entomology and ornithology. He be¬
came a world authority on grass¬
hoppers and spent a year studying
their control in Argentina. He was
elected president of the American
Association of Economic Entomolo¬
gists in 1915. At the Panama-Pacific
Exposition in 1915 he was honored
as Nebraska’s most distinguished cit¬
izen. Among his students was Myron
Swenk who succeeded him at the
University.

Bruner wrote articles for The
Nebraska Farmer on the economic
value of birds. When the “Twentieth
Century Farmer,” published by the
Omaha Bee, issued a special bird
number on May 13, 1903, he wrote
the lead article on “Birds as Insect
Destroyers.” A second article, “Hab¬
its of Common Birds,” was written
by A. S. Pearse who was a teacher,
coach and commandant for a time
at the Omaha High School. Both
articles were illustrated by photo¬
graphs taken by Frank Shoemaker.

In 1896, with some help from W.
D. Hunter, Bruner issued “Some
Notes on Nebraska Birds.” In 1902
with Robert Wolcott and Myron
Swenk he wrote “Preliminary Re¬
view of the Birds of Nebraska,” in¬
cluding data from bird students
over Nebraska. It was the best list
up to that date. After Aughey’s
initial list of birds in eastern Ne¬
braska in 1878, only one unfinished
list had been issured (1888-89) titled
“Notes on Nebraska Birds” by W.
Edgar Taylor and A. H. Van Fleet
of the Normal school at Peru.

Rev. John M. Bates, an Episcopa¬
lian minister, was born in Connecti¬
cut in 1846 and educated at Trinity
College. He came to Topeka, Kansas,
as chaplain and head master of
Bethany College in the mid-eighties
and later moved to Omaha, but was

24

Nebraska Bird Review

sent west to cure a bad cough. He
moved to Valentine where he lived
for 15 years. He had 21 stations
scattered from Neligh to Rushville.
He rode, drove, or walked from one
station to the other holding ser¬
vices for small groups of parishion¬
ers in sod churches, halls, stores, or
saloons. Thus he had ample oppor¬
tunity to observe nature and he sent
many reports on birds to the Lincoln
ornithologists. After a stay in Cal¬
loway in Custer County in 1903, he
was stationed at Red Cloud where
Willa Cather was one of his com¬
municants. There he had eight sta¬
tions. Although always observant of
birds of which he had a large
mounted collection, plants were his
main hobby. He published an article
on Nebraska sedges. Later he be¬
came interested in fungi, especially
rust fungi. He contributed many
specimens to the collections of E.
Bartholomen of Kansas. One species
was named for him by Bartholomen.
Rev. Bates was made an honorary
member of N.O.U. at the Omaha
meeting in 1926.

In Omaha Dr. Towne was assum¬
ing his place in bird study and con¬
servation. His study of natural his¬
tory had been broad enough to give
him an idea of the physical environ¬
ment as a unit and of the interde¬
pendence of soil and water, plant
and animal life. He understood the
precariousness of the balance of
nature and saw the necessity of
the natural predators. He recog¬
nized nature’s care for the species
and her carelessness of the indi¬
vidual as was illustrated in a reply
he gave late in life to a contempor¬
ary who asked the eternal ques¬
tion, “Why are we here?” “To take
care of the next generation,” the
doctor replied. He felt strongly that
as a member of the human family,
and a part of God’s whole creation,

it was man’s function to observe,
conserve, and enjoy nature.

Although he realized the neces¬
sity of predators to preserve the
beauty of the whole, and indeed to
prevent the prey species from even¬
tually destroying themselves by
over-population, he deplored the un¬
restrained cruelty of man in des¬
troying life. For one of the doctor’s
outstanding attributes was his com¬
passion.

Dr. Towne worked for conserva¬
tion at first alone or with a few
friends then through the Omaha
Audubon Society which he founded.
The organization machinery was
very simple, without differentiated
committee work. Supplies were kept
at his house. He became a one-man
information bureau on birds.

One of the first things the Soci¬
ety did was to print and distribute
cards stating its purposes. There
were four: to encourage the study
of birds, particularly in schools, and
to distribute literature about birds;
to work for the betterment and en¬
forcement of state and federal laws
about birds; to discourage the
wearing of any feathers except
those of the ostrich and domestic
fowl; to discourage in every way
the destruction of wild birds and
their eggs.

Official stationery was secured
with a picture of Audubon on it.
When a World Herald editorial ap¬
peared condeming the use of live
birds for pigeon shoots, Dr. Towne
wrote a letter to the paper com¬
mending the editorial. This was
copied in pamphlet form and dis¬
tributed by the Omaha Audubon So¬
ciety in co-operation with the Ne¬
braska Humane Society.

An important contact for the doc¬
tor was with Mr. L. O. Horsky who
came from Wilber, Nebraska, to
Omaha as a young man in 1903. He

Nebraska Bird Review

25

became a life-long bird student and
conservationist, very active in the
Omaha Audubon Society and the
N.O.U. which he served as president
in later years. He was also a found¬
er of the Omaha Nature Club which
eventually grew out of the Omaha
Audubon Society and was a leader
in local and state bird activities.
Mr. Horsky and Dr. Towne were
devoted companions.

The article which aroused Mr.
Horsky’s interest publicized the
idea of Prof. A. A. Tyler to make a
reserve of Childs’ Point. The article
was on the front page of the Omaha
World Herald of July 14, 1903, and
reported an action taken by the
Omaha Audubon Society. The So¬
ciety deplored the destruction of
the forest along the Missouri River
in Sarpy County, just south of Doug¬
las County. It resolved to second
any effort made by the state or fed¬
eral government to preserve the
forest.

Dr. Towne never relaxed his agi¬
tation for making a reserve of
Childs’ Point, working first with Dr.
Tyler of Bellevue College and then
with his friend, Dr. Harold Gifford.
He inspired and supervised the
work of the Omaha Audubon Soci¬
ety. Its projects included buying
8,000 celluloid buttons with a mea¬
dowlark in color on them and dis¬
tributing them among school child¬
ren. It sponsored a contest in build¬
ing bird houses which were exhib¬
ited at the City Hall. Jay Burns, the
baker, distributed cards with color¬
ed pictures of birds with his bread.
Dr. Towne acknowledged this as¬
sistance by interpreting one mea¬
dowlark song as “Buy your bread of
Jay Burns.”

In November, 1912, the Fonten-
elle Forest Association was formed
with a group of Omaha’s most pub¬
lic spirited and far-seeing men elec¬

ted as trustees. Among them were
bankers, business and professional
men, Prof. Tyler, Dr. Gifford and
Dr. Towne. In April of the next
year, 1913, the Association was
chartered by the state, and in rec¬
ognition of his devoted efforts, Dr.
Towne was asked to be the first to
sign the articles of incorporation.

With a responsible group of men
now in charge, Dr. Gifford advanc¬
ed money and 365 acres of Childs’
Point were purchased as a begin¬
ning for the new reserve. Sixty-
five thousand dollars were raised
by public subscription to which Dr.
Gifford was not only a lender but a
generous donor. Roy Towl is re¬
membered as one who raised much
money at the packing houses.
Through the years more land was
added, 100 acres from Dr. Towne’s
childhood friend and a generous pa¬
tron to Omaha’s good causes, Mrs.
Sarah Joslyn, and 200 acres from Dr.
Gifford and his heirs.

At four o’clock Saturday, June 17,
1916, Fontenelle Forest was official¬
ly dedicated in the presence of 3,000
people seated in a natural amphi¬
theater in the forest. Rev. John M.
Bates was an honored guest.

Special street cars were run to
the terminus nearest the forest
where jitney service was provided
for those who did not care to walk.
The audience not only came but
stayed, showing a kind of interest
not hitherto evinced by the Omaha
public.

The program arranged by the Ne¬
braska Audubon Society began with
an orchestra playing Grieg’s “Morn¬
ing-mood.” Miss Hazel Silver sang
“The Song of the Hermit Thrush.”
By this time the audience was ready
for the hour and a half presentation
of the bird masque, “Sanctuary.”
After the Omaha production, the
masque went on the Redpath Chau-

26

Nebraska Bird Review

tauqua circuit with Ernest H.
Baynes to promote bird conserva¬
tion.

The cast included Joy Higgins,
Harte Jenks, Harry O. Palmer, A.
W. Jefferis, Pleasant Holyoke, Hugh
Wallace, and five school children
from Omaha and the South Omaha
Audubon Society. Mrs. Effie Steen
Kittelson was director. An epilogue,
written by Joy Higgins and dedicat¬
ed to Fontenelle Forest, as Childs’
Point was to be known in the future*
was read by A. W. Jefferis.

The entire production was in
charge of a “Sanctuary” committee
with Mrs. W. F. Baxter as chairman.
On her committee were Mrs. Sarah
Joslyn, Mrs. Lowrie Childs of the
Childs’ Point family, Mrs. John
Ringwalt, Joy Higgins, Jeanette Mc¬
Donald, and Miles Greenleaf. The
event was a great success and was
the crowning single effort of the
Omaha Audubon Society.

By 1964 the Forest contained ap¬
proximately 1650 acres of wooded
bluffs, hollows, marsh, swamp,
streams, lake and flood-plains. It is
preserved in its wild state where
there are more than 16 miles of
trails. Signs marking the trails as
well as improvements at the Forest
entrance from Bellevue Boulevard
were put up in 1937-38 by the Na¬
tional Youth Administration in Co-
Operation with the National Park
Service and the Fontenelle Forest
Association. The names given by
pioneers to the many hollows were
retained. Historic sites such as Lo¬
gan Fontenelle’s grave, the site of
a Mormon camp of 1846, the first In¬
dian trading post, and remains of
Indian lodges are indicated on the
trails or on maps published by the
Association. Robert Gilder who
painted many scenes in the Forest,
built his “Wake Robin” cabin near¬
by. Certain magnificant views up

the river or over the nearby country
are also indicated.

The Forest is a resort not only for
individual nature lovers, artists,
photographers, historians and hik¬
ers, but of many groups. The camps
of the Y.W.C.A. (Camp Brewster),
the Boy Scouts and the Omaha
Walking Club are nearby. The Oma¬
ha Audubon Society and the Ne¬
braska Ornithologists’ Union have
made many bird observation trips
through the Forest. The Omaha Bot¬
any Club under the leadership of
Hazel Zimmerman prepared a book¬
let, “Plants of Fontenelle Forest,”
recording over 390 kinds of trees,
shrubs, vines and herbs. More than
22 species of mammals, eight of
snakes, three of turtles and six spe¬
cies of amphibians live in the region.
One interesting plant is the hog pea¬
nut with one bean in its under¬
ground pod. It was an important
food for the Indians. There are 150
varieties of birds—resident and mi¬
grant. Wiley Point, the bottom land
beyond the Forest bluffs and the
railroad track were purchased by
the Giffords from Solon L. Wiley.

At last the dreams of Prof. Bes-
sey, Prof. Tyler, Dr. Towne and Dr.
Gifford have come true. The For¬
est is as safe as a sound legal and
financial status and a public-spirit¬
ed dedication can make it.

In 1926 came the crowning event
in the doctor’s personal career as a
bird student and conservationist.
The annual meetings of the Nebras¬
ka Ornithologists’ Union were held
in Omaha on Friday and Saturday,
May 14 and 15. Col. T. W. McCul¬
lough, associate editor of the Oma¬
ha Bee gave an address, speaking
for the citizens of the community
in honoring Dr. Towne giving him
credit for “making the Audubon So¬
ciety a vital factor not only in Oma¬
ha, but in Nebraska, enabling it to

Nebraska Bird Review

27

shape the thought of the men, wo¬
men and children of the state, and
finally to secure the enactment of
the tenets into laws that are observ¬
ed as faithfully as laws can be.”

On the beautiful morning of the
next day after their field trip, the
members of the Audubon Society
and the Nebraska Ornithologists’
Union gathered at a spot not far
from the entrance to Fantenelle For¬
est. There Dr. Harold Gifford made
a short presentation speech of a bird
bath dedicated to Dr. Towne. It still
stands at the entrance to Fonten-
elle Forest. The bowl was inscribed
to Dr. Towne—“Friend of the
Birds.” Dr. Towne’s acceptance was
a plea for the protection of birds.
After the ceremony people broke up
into little groups. All at once they
became aware of hitherto un-sus-
pected spectators as two bull snakes
suddenly dangled from a branch
overhead. Everyone drew back ex¬
cept two boys who tried to kill
them. Dr. Towne ran toward them
his face stony and his blue eyes
blazing. “Stop!” he cried. “This is a
Sanctuary. You may not injure any
living thing here.” The boys froze
with astonishment for a moment,
then faded into the crowd while Dr.
Towne, quite relaxed, re-joined his
friends.

In 1909 Dr. Towne and his family
built a cottage on a plot of several
acres conering at 54th and Charles
Streets just beyond the city limits
of Omaha and a few blocks east of
the old Bruner farm. He lived there
until his death in 1932. This was a
fine place for bird observations with
open field nearby, a walnut grove
a block away to the southeast, a big
patch of sunflowers on a neglected
tract to the south, and a small
wooded creek two blocks to the west
at the bottom of the slope. In addi¬

tion the family planted trees and
shrubs which would attract birds.
One year Dr. Towne identified 63
species from the home place. One
year a bluebird nested in an unused
box, once put out for newspapers at
the next home.

Dr. Towne was in his 63rd year
in 1909. He did no more paid public
health work but continued with
some private patients, his lectures
at the University of Nebraska Col¬
lege of Medicine, and his attendance
at medical society meetings. He
spent most of his time taking care
of a vegetable garden covering most
of his 17 lots, supervising and pro¬
moting the work of the Nebraska
Tuberculosis Association, and on his
bird activities.

He continued giving talks on bird
study using 50 slides that had been
bought by the Omaha Audubon So¬
ciety. These had been prepared by
Louis Agassiz Fuertes, ornithologist
and painter at Cornell University in
New York. He wrote for the news¬
papers a weekly series of boxed ar¬
ticles on individual species, and spec¬
ial articles like one on a distinctive
meadowlark song heard year after
year from his home place. This par¬
ticular song was unlike other mea¬
dowlark songs and was heard by the
family for 24 years altogether.

By this time the Omaha Society
had developed into the “Nebraska
Audubon Society” with Dr. Towne
still retained as president. The Soci¬
ety sponsored speakers like Henry
Oldys of the Biological Survey, Enos
Mills, the Colorado naturalist, and
Ernest Harold Baynes of New
Hampshire, writer and lecturer on
wildlife conservation.

One notable event was Dr.
Towne’s trip with a neighbor and
friend, Mrs. Harriet Dakin Mac-
Murphy, to the site of Logan Fon-

28

Nebraska Bird Review

tenelle’s grave in the Childs’ Point
tract. She had known the Fonten-
elles and relatives of Logan Fon-
tenelle, the last chief of the Omaha
Indians. Robert Gilder went with
them.

Another thrilling moment was
when he found some hand-made
nails on the site of the Childs’ Mill.
Charles Childs had put up the first
grist mill in the region in 1856. He
had a stream sawmill and put in a
run of stone to grind corn, which
he did once a week. Farmers came
from as far away as Grand Island
to have him grind their com.

In 1909 the doctor began to take
the Omaha Christmas Bird Census
for Bird Lore, the official publica¬
tion of the National Audubon Soci¬
ety. This required four hours of
bird observation on some day De¬
tween December 22 and 27. Those
reports he sent in with one of two
exceptions until 1918. At 79 he was
still taking these cross-country
walks.

In a grove of walnut trees 500
feet from his home was the nest of
a Field Sparrow. The bird sang in
the common rhythm, four notes fol¬
lowed by a trill, but the trill was a
minor just a tone and a half above
the last introductory note. Since this
was a strictly individual song, it was
simple for the doctor and his daugh¬
ters to count the number of times it
was repeated in one day. The bird
sang five times a minute hour after
hour, from four in the morning until
eight in the evening, thus approx¬
imately 5,000 times a day. This kept
up most of the days for three
months with no variation.

A longer and more absorbing pro¬
ject was the notation of 23 songs of
his favorite bird, the Western Mea¬
dowlark. For days he strolled about
his suburban place armed with the
pitch pipes listening intently to the

meadowlarks. Humming the song
he went often into the house to the
piano and noted the song as accur¬
ately as possible on the musical
staff. Eighteen of the songs are re¬
produced in the article his daughters
wrote after his death for the “Ne¬
braska Bird Review” of April, 1935.
To some songs he added one of his
pet sentences to emphasize the rhy¬
thm: “Whoopla! Potato Bug,” and
“Singing just as usual.”

In 1929, November 29, Mrs. Towne
died. His out-door companion of
years, Dr. Harold Gifford, died the
same week. His own strength was
giving out, and to his dismay, his
hearing failed to such a degree that
he could not hear the bird songs.
Mentally active, he kept up his read¬
ing until his death after a few days
illness with pneumonia, January 27,
1932.

He “named all the birds without
a gun, Loved the wood-rose and left
it on its stalk.” He studied and en¬
joyed wild living things without in¬
terfering with their lives. He re¬
mained true to his deepest purpose,
not only in preventive medicine,
but his own locality making it safer
for all life.

HARRY C. OBERHOLZER

Dr. Oberholzer who was elected
to Honorary Membership in the Ne¬
braska Ornithologists’ Union in
1924 died in Cleveland, December
25, 1963, at the age of 93.

Dr. Oberholzer was one of the
first men in this country to learn
about migration routes and habits
of birds. He was associated with the
Fish and Wildlife Service and its
earlier organization for 46 years. As
a result of his work there and with
other institutions, 11 new families
and subfamilies, 99 genera and 560

Nebraska Bird Review

29

species and subspecies of birds were
named. He published nearly 900
technical and popular articles about
birds among which is a book, “Birds
of Louisiana,” and another, “Birds
of Texas” still to be published.

FRANCIS LEE JAQUES

A well-known artist of natural
subjects is Francis Lee Jaques, an
Honorary Member of the Nebraska
Ornithologists’ Union since 1960.
Besides paintings, usually oils, and
illustrating 35 books of which seven
are the delightful books of Mrs.
Jaques, he has painted an estimated
30,000 square feet of background
surface in museum displays. These
museums include the American Mu¬
seum of Natural History in New
York, Museum of Science in Boston,
Peabody Museum in New Haven,
Academy of Sciences in Philadel¬
phia, Iowa State Museum, Museum
of Natural History at the Univer¬
sity of Minnesota (where he just
finished one of the Passenger Pig¬
eon), and the University of Nebras¬
ka.

Mr. Jaques’ father was a market
hunter in Kansas and Nebraska and
taught the boy about wildlife from
the time he was quite small. Mr.
Jaques was bom in Genesco, Illin¬
ois, Sept. 28, 1887, and from there
the family moved to Kansas. About
1903 they moved back to northeast¬
ern Minnesota by covered wagon
and “father and I walked most of
the way,” he says. They crossed the
Platte River at North Bend.

He became interested in water-
fowl at an early age as he hunted
with his father, and study of other
birds was a side issue to spading
new land for a garden in Minnes¬
ota.

Before he settled on his present
occupation he spent 10 winters in a

taxidermy shop in Aitkin, Minnes¬
ota, and other time in farming,
lumbering, railroading, U. S. Army,
electrical work, and commercial art..
From 1924 to 1942 he was associated
with the American Museum of Nat¬
ural History where he was assigned
to several expiditions to the Pana¬
ma, Peru, the Bahamas, England
and Switzerland. Two long trips
took him to the (Bering Sea and
the Arctic Ocean on a ship with
Capt. Bob Bartlett, and another six
and a half month trip to the east¬
ern South Pacific.

He writes that he has many other
interests, one of which is railroads.
Mr. and Mrs. Jaques live at Ten
East Oaks Road, North Oaks, Saint
Paul, Minnesota.

(This information was taken from
a letter from Mr. Jaques written
January 11, 1964.)

30

Nebraska Bird Review

ROBERT J. NIEDRACH

Elected as an Honorary Member
of the Nebraska Ornithologists’
Union in 1932, Robert J. Niedrach,
is Curator of Birds and Assistant to
the Director of the Denver Museum
of Natural History. The following
has been taken with few changes
from a letter written by him Janu¬
ary 15, 1964.

I was born in Hudson County,
New Jersey, November 9, 1889, and
spent my early years particularly in
the Hackensack Meadows where I
not only observed Black and Yel¬
low Rails, but had the fond memory
of meeting Frank Chapman and
showing him some of the wonders
of “my” marshes. I started birding
there, and along the Palisades of
the Hudson River, became a bird
taxidermist, and had a job in a com¬
mercial shop.

After high school a wanderlust
started me westward. I did taxi¬
dermy work in Denver from 1910
to 1912 and met the late Fred Lin-
ocln, Curator of Birds at the Denver
Museum of Natural History, in 1912
and became his assistant the follow¬
ing year. For the past half century
plus, I’ve been associated with the
Museum. I have seen it grow, and
hope I have made contributions to
its exhibits and educational pro¬
grams during the past five decades.
Where only a handful of visitors
came to the out-of-the-way location
in remote City Park in the 19-teens,
we now have an attendance of
around 700,000 visitors annually.
They tell me I’m responsible for
starting the Colorado Bird Club. I
taught a course in Ornithology at
Denver University for a period of
years, received an honorary degree
from the University of Colorado,
and have been privileged to have as
my friends the many naturalists of
the Denver area for many years.

While most of my field work has
been in Colorado, my travels have
taken me throughout this country,
Central America where again I had
the pleasure of meeting Dr. Chap¬
man and spending two months bird¬
ing with him at his Tropical Air
Castle on the Island of Barro Colo¬
rado, Canal Zone. Later I was with
Dr. Bailey in the Pacific Islands
from Midway through the Hawaiian
to Canton Island on the equator and
Fiji Islands to the southwest. Our
Museum carried on extensive work
in Australia and I was privileged
with others of the Museum staff to
work in that interesting land.

Much of my interest has been in
exhibition, and I’ve had a hand in
the preparation of all displays since
we started the reconstruction of ex¬
hibits in 1936. At present we are
compiling data on Colorado birds
and Dr. Bailey and I hope to pub¬
lish our two volume Birds of Colo¬
rado in the near future. It will be
illustrated with about 500 black and

Nebraska Bird Review

31

white photographs and 124 plates will be of use to our ornithological
showing more than 400 species of friends in Nebraska, Kansas, New
birds in color. We hope the book Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming.

Following is a list of Mr. Niedrach’s publications:

1923 Two interesting additions to the known Avifauna of Colorado.
Condor, 25:182.

1924 The white-necked raven nesting in eastern Colorado. Condor, 26:105.
1926 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) The Franklin’s gull in Colorado. Condor,

28:44-45.

1931 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) American egret in Colorado. Condor, 33:250.

1932 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Domain of the camp robber. Amer. Forests,

38:492.

1933a (With Bailey, Alfred M.) The mountain plovers of the prairies. Nat¬
ural History, 33:75-80.

1933b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) The Avo-chic. Natural History, 33:209-217.

1933c (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Prairie falcon. Amer. Forests, 39:356-358.

1934 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Photographing the western horned owl.
Amer. Forests, 40:18-20.

1936 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Community nesting of western robins and
house finches. Condor, 38:214.

1937a (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Trailing birds of prey. Amer. Forests,
43:218-220, 251.

1937b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Five species new to Colorado. Condor,
39:132-133.

1937c (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Notes on Colorado birds. Auk, 54:524-527.
1937d (With Bailey, Alfred M.) A day with a nesting goshawk. Nature
Magazine, 31:38-40.

1938a (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Brewster’s egret nesting in Colorado.
Condor, 40:44-45.

1938b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Western grede in Colorado. Auk, 55:119.
1938c (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Nesting of Virginia’s warbler. Auk,
55:176-178.

1938d (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Notes on Colorado geese. Auk, 55:519-520.
1938e (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Nelson’s downy woodpecker from Colorado.
Auk, 55:672-673.

1938f (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Rose-breasted grosbeak in Colorado. Auk,
55:676.

1938g (With Bailey, Alfred M.) The chestnut-collared longspur in Colorado.
Wilson Bull., 50:243-246.

1938h (With Bailey, Alfred M.) The red phalarope and ruddy turnstone in
Colorado. Condor, 40:227.

1939a (With Rockwell, Robert B.) The birds of Denver and Mountain

Parks. Colo. (Denver) Museum of Natural History, Popular Series
No. 5, 196pp.

1939b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Notes on jaegers and gulls of Colorado.
Auk, 56:79-81.

1939c (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Eastern hermit thrush in Colorado. Condor
41:123.

32

Nebraska Bird Review

1939d (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Snowy plover from Colorado. Condor, 41:127.

1939e (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Filming the golden eagle. Amer. Forests,
45:446-449, 476-477.

1939f (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Piping plover from Colorado. Condor,
41:216.

1939g (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Fan and bubble dance. Rocky Mt. Sports¬
man, 2: no. 5, 8-11, 30-31.

1944 (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Spring in the high marsh. Bird-lore, 46:71-75.

1945 Colorado nesting records of the starlings. Wilson Bull., 57:261.

1946a (With Neff, Johnson A.) Nesting of the band-tailed pigeon in Colo¬
rado. Condor, 48:72-74.

1946b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Duck hawk nest in Colorado. Auk, 63:253.

1951a (With Edgerton, Harold E. and Van Riper, Walker) Freezing the
flight of the hummingbirds. Natural Geographic Magazine, Vol. C,
no. 2, 245-261 (August).

1951b (With Bailey, Alfred M.) Stepping Stones across the Pacific. Museum
Pictorial no. 3, Denver Museum of Natural History, 63pp.

1952 (With Van Riper, Walker and Bailey, Alfred M.) Nature Photog¬
raphy with the High-Speed Flash. Museum Pictorial No. 5, Denver
Museum of Natural History, 63 pp.

1953 (With Bailey, Alfred M. and Bailey, A. Lang) The red crossbills of
Colorado. Museum Pictorial no. 9, Denver Museum of Natural His¬
tory. 63pp.

1954 (With Bailey, Alfred M. and Murphy, Robert Cushman) Canton Is¬
land. Museum Pictorial no. 10, Denver Museum of Natural History.
78 pp.

Nebraska Bird Review

33

1963 CHRISTMAS BIRD COUNT IN NEBRASKA

Compiled by GAIL SHICKLEY

A state total of 85 species were
observed and reported on the 1963
Christmas bird counts. Of these,
only ten species appeared on all of
the lists; hence, there was consid¬
erable variation, according to the
area of the state and type of habi¬
tat covered. Counts were made in
five of the state’s seven areas, the
majority of them being made in
areas 5 west and 5 east. The long¬
est single list, with 46 species, was
reported by the Lincoln Audubon
Naturalists’ Club.

In general, weather conditions
ranged from cold, snow, and wind
in the eastern end of the state to
warm, clear and calm in the west.
The reports made by the groups of
observers in eastern Nebraska clear¬
ly indicate that weather conditions
were no deterrent to successful field
trips.

For purposes of compilation of the
state has been divided into the same
areas as used in compiling the nest¬
ing reports. Christmas bird counts
were received from areas one, two,
four five west and five east. The
groups reporting from these areas
were as follows:

AREA 1. Dawes County; Mary
Peyton, Marj Blinde, Alberta De-
Flon. Doris Gates (compiler). Time
8 AM-3 PM. Temperature 44 degrees
-38 degrees. Clear to rain. Total—
21 species.

AREA 2. Logan County; Earl
Glandon. Time 9 AM to 12:20 PM
and 1:30 PM to 4:30 PM. Tempera¬
ture from 32 degrees to 51 degrees.
Light breeze and clear. Covered
river valley, sandhills north of val¬
ley and upland south of valley. Hab¬
itats wooded, grassy fields and

swampy areas. Total—19 species.

AREA 4. Keith County; C. W.
Huntley. Time 7 AM to 4:30 PM.
Weather clear, warm and calm. To¬
tal—36 species.

Lincoln County; Gail Shickley
and Edith McIntosh. Time, 9 AM
to 5 PM. Weather Clear, warm
and calm. Total—40 species
Both observers in this area exper¬
ienced difficulty in estimating the
numbers of individuals in the larg¬
er flocks of birds. This was especial¬
ly true of the Red-winged Black¬
birds and Mallards in Keith Coun¬
ty, and of the Robins and Red¬
winged Blackbirds in Lincoln Coun¬
ty. Rarest find in Lincoln County
was the Purple Finch, but shortly
after the count period it became
evident some small flocks of Purple
Finches were wintering in the coun¬
ty.

Area 5W. Buffalo and Kearney
Counties; George W. Brown, Randy
Brown, Margaret E. Bliese, John C.
W. Bliese (compiler). Time, 7:30 AM
to 12 noon. Temperature 30 degrees
to 42 degrees. Clear. Wind 15 - 20
MPH. Total — 29 species. Not in¬
cluded in the count was a dead Gos¬
hawk which had been shot. A flock
of 45 Evening Grosbeaks had been
seen during the period, but were
not seen on count day.

Adams County; Burton Nelson
and son. Total—40 species.

Adams County; Elsie Davies, Bill
Fink, Vera Maunder, Ellen Ritchey,
Albert Jones, Margaret Jones (com¬
piler). Time 8 AM to 5 PM. Temper¬
ature 18 degrees to 40 degrees. To¬
tal—34 species. Seen during count
period, but not on count day: Town¬
send’s Solitaire and Evening Gros¬
beak.

34

Nebraska Bird Review

AREA 5E. Jefferson County; Glen
Hoge. Total—26 species. Red-wing¬
ed Blackbirds were present in unus¬
ually large flocks, and numbers
could be only roughly estimated.

Lancaster County; (Lincoln Aud¬
ubon Naturalists’ Club) Oscar Alex¬
is, Dr. Howard P. Doole, Doris
Gates, Dr. and Mrs. Raymond
Pogge, Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Pritchard,
Dr. and Mrs. Robert Sandstedt,
Hazel Scheiber, Mr. and Mrs. George
Spidell, Mr. and Mrs. Harold V.
Whitmus, Ralph Harrington (com¬
piler). Time 8 AM to 5 PM. Temper¬
ature, 13 degrees to 17 degrees.
Light snow in morning, clearing by
9:30 AM. Total—46 species. Addi¬
tional species seen during count
period but not on count day: Shovel¬
ler, Cooper’s Hawk, Bobwhite, Kill-
deer, Belted Kingfisher, Brown
Thrasher and Lincoln’s Sparrow.

Gage County; (Beatrice Audubon
Society) Vera Anderson, Mrs. Marie
Baier, Mrs. Gertrude Klotz, Mrs.
Mildred Lubben, Mary Sturmer,
Mrs. Esther Smith, Mrs. Roxanna
Peckman, Nellie Watson. Time, 8

AM to & PM. Temperature, 19 de¬
grees to 23 degrees. Cloudy. Total—

33 species.

Gage County; (Blue Hill) Mrs.
Lynn Hardin, Verneil Griffin, Mrs.
F. J. Patton. Temperature, 18 de¬
grees to 24 degrees. Cloudy. Total—

34 species. Seen during count period,
but not on count day: Sharp-shinned
Hawk and American Goldfinches.

Sarpy and Cass Counties; Omaha
Bird Club as reported in Omaha
World-Hearld. Total—44 species.

Nemaha County; Ida May Hey-
wood, Alice Vernon, Ruth Wensien,
Doris Gates. Time, 8 AM to 4 PM.
Temperature 8 degrees to 20 de¬
grees. Overcast. Total—28 species.

Nemaha County; Ida May Hey-
wood, Ruth Wensien, Alice Vernon
(second trip). Time, 7:30 AM to
11:30 AM and 2 PM to 5 PM. Tem¬
perature around freezing in morning
and overcast. Afternoon clear, with
high of 59 degrees. Total—24 spe¬
cies.

The complete reports of these ob¬
servers have been compiled into the
following table:

Species

Great Blue Heron
Canada Goose
White-fronted Goose
Snow Goose
Blue Goose
Mallard
Gadwall
Pintail

Green-winged Teal
Common Goldeneye
Common Merganser
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Krider’s Red-tailed Hawk
Rough-legged Hawk
Ferruginous Hawk
Golden Eagle
Bald Eagle
Marsh Hawk

Area 1 Area 2 Area 4 Area 5W Area 5E

1

1004 20 x

1 x

10

4

125

15

3 lx

4 1

1
1

1 12 2
3 8 3 x

x

X

X

X

323

2

44

1

14

25

Nebraska Bird Review

35

Prairie Falcon

1

Pergerine Falcon

1

Pigeon Hawk

1

Sparrow Hawk

1

1

3

6

17

Greater Prairie Chicken

12

Bobwhite

5 x

24

Ring-necked Pheasant

2

9

X

33

Killdeer

2

3 x

Common Snipe

5

1

Ring-billed Gull

50

Rock Dove

12

Mourning Dove

1 x

151

Great Horned Owl

1

2 x

11

Snowy Owl

1

Short-eared Owl

1

Belted Kingfisher

3

2 x

Flicker

12

6 x

21

Red-bellied Woodpecker

2 x

22

Red-headed Woodpecker

10

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

2

Hairy Woodpecker

2

5

6 x

14

Downy Woodpecker

1

1

11

18 x

50

Horned Lark

10

550

214 x

153

Blue Jay

2

16 x

98

Black-billed Magpie

31

5

56

1 X

Common Crow

42

29

33

50 x

167

Pinon Jay

10

Black-capped Chickadee

10

5

29

69 x

182

Tufted Titmouse

19

White-breasted Nuthatch

3 x

29

Red-breasted Nuthatch

15

10 x

11

Brown Creeper

2

12

3 x

43

Mockingbird

1

1

Brown Thrasher

1

Robin

1025

20 x

5

Eastern Bluebird

1

Mountain Bluebird

59

Townsend’s Solitaire

1

25

X

2

Golden-crowned Kinklet

1

6

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

4

Cedar Wax wing

30 x

1

Northern Shrike

1

4

Loggerhead Shrike

1

11

Starling

42

46

1500

995 x

495

House Sparrow

80

4

125

562 x

1951

Meadowlark

2

25

525

262 x

224

Brewer’s Blackbird

500

Common Grackle

2 x

Red-winged Blackbird

16000

2 x

1004

36

Nebraska Bird Review

Cardinal

Evening Grosbeak
Purple Finch
Pine Siskin

American Goldfinch 7

Red Crossbill
Rufous-sided Towhee
Slate-colored Junco 57

Oregon Junco 3

Tree Sparrow 18

Chipping Sparrow
Harris’ Sparrow 1

White-crowned Sparrow
White-throated Sparrow
Lincoln’s Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Lapland Longspur

3

4

35 x

230

21

4

1

1

15

8

3

X

21

56

9 x

185

79

4

1

30

36 x

794

6

125

8 x

3

24

150

105

617

10

35

118 x

339

4

X

6

7

1

10

9 x

37

1 x

GENERAL NOTES

YELLOW-BELLIED SAPSUCKERS IN NORTH PLATTE
On October 11. 1936, 1 Observed

On October 11, 1963, I observed
an immature Yellow-bellied Sap-
sucker moving about on the trunk
of a tree in Cody Park, apparently
searching for food in the bark of the
tree. No red showed on the head or
throat of this individual, and its
position was such that I could not
see any yellow on the belly. It did
have the large white patch and
other typical markings of the im¬
mature Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.

After I had watched the bird for
several minutes it flew away and I
took a closer look at the tree where
it had been. The large branch had
one hole large enough to be a nest¬
ing hole, but the inside of it was
clean and had no signs of use. Near
it was a smaller hole, and scattered
all about were very small holes; but
they were not arranged in the order¬
ly rows typical of sapsucker drill¬
ing.

On October 30, a great amount of
bird noise in the trees across the
street from my home attracted my

attention, and I stepped out on the
porch with my binocular to locate
the Myrtle Warblers, Red-Breasted
Nuthatches, Brown Creepers, Black-
Capped Chickadees, and Golden-
crowned Kinglets that were all au¬
dible in this assembly of birds.
While I had my binocular focused
on the trunk of a large white pop¬
lar, another Yellow-bellied Sapsuc¬
ker moved up the tree trunk into
the field of my glasses. This indi¬
vidual had a red forehead and
throat, and considerable yellow on
the belly, but where the typical
adult sapsucker is black, this indi¬
vidual had a smoky appearance, and
the black plumage had more brown
than black in it. Its plumage in gen¬
eral lacked the well-defined mark¬
ing and sleek elegance of an adult
sapsucker. I assume that it was a
young male, probably somewhat
older than the bird observed on
October 11.

On November 24, I observed

Nebraska Bird Review

37

another immature sapsucker feeding
in the bard of deciduous trees along
the river bank on the north border
of Cody Park. This one was in a
state of plumage between the first
two, with some red on top of its
head and a tinge of yellow appear¬
ing on the belly when it was in the
right light. On December 18, I lo¬
cated an immature sapsucker near
the site of the first observation on
October 11. As this individual seem¬
ed to be in nearly the same plumage
stage as the first bird, I wondered if
it might be the same bird. Again, in
Cody Park on February 1, 1964, I
saw an immature sapsucker which
appeared to have plumage similar to
the bird (or birds) I saw on October
11 and December 18. From these ob¬
servations it would appear possible
that at least one individual may
have spent the winter season in this
area.

Since observing the first of these
birds, I have made a rather thorough
check of the trees in Cody Park and
find that the majority of the ponde-
rosa pines in the park have been
well drilled by the sapsuckers. The
drilling is most prevalent on trees
in rather dense stands. In one group
of fifty-five ponderosas in a small
area, every tree shows some signs
of sapsucker drilling, and most of
them are well-covered by it. Where
the trees stand in a single row, with
considerable distance between the
trees, almost no sapsucker work is
evident. I found no work on trees
other than the ponderosas. I also
made a check on the ponderosas at
the University of Nebraska Experi¬
mental Station and at the state fish
hatchery. The only signs of sapsuck¬
er work on these trees was in a
dense stand at the experimental sta¬
tion, and the holes in this location
had the appearance of being several

years old.

The Yellow-bellied Sapsucker is
rated as a rare migrant in the North
Platte area. — Gail Shickley, North
Platte.

SOME DAWSON COUNTY RE¬
CORDS.—These are some arrival and
departure dates for the years 1928
through 1950. The location is our
farm some eight miles west of Lex¬
ington in Dawson County and the
road to Lexington by the Darr Bridge.
At that time I had more opportunity
to notice arrivals and departures and
while I was frequently gone a pat¬
tern for certain of the more common
birds has evolved. GREAT BLUE
HERON: 1936 Apr. 17; 1937 Apr. 12-
Sept. 11; 1938 Oct. 6; 1940 Mar. 31;

1941 Sept. 14; 1942 Sept. 30; 1945
Apr. 16. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT
HERON: 1943 Sept. 29. AMERICAN
BITTERN: 1939 Apr. 29; 1940 Sept.
9; 1941 Apr. 28; 1943 Apr. 24; 1947
Apr. 20; 1949 Apr. 30. COMMON
MERGANSER: 1936 Feb. 28; 1938
Feb. 27-Mar. 7; 1939 Jan. 1-Mar.
1. WHOOPING CRANE: 1936 Apr.
3; 1938 Mar. 20-Apr. 20; 1939 May
1; 1941 Mar. 6. SANDHILL CRANE:

1930 Feb. 24; 1931 Mar. 13; 1932
Feb. 26; 1934 Mar. 2; 1935 Mar. 2;
1936 Mar. 4-May 1; 1938 Mar. 10-
Apr. 1; Oct. 8; 1939 Oct. 9-Nov. 5;
1940 Mar. 28; 1941 Feb. 12-Apr. 3;

1942 Mar. 9; 1945 Mar. 8; 1946 Mar.
14; 1947 Sept. 25-Oct. 31. KILL-
DEER: 1929 Mar. 1; 1930 Mar. 25;

1931 Mar. 23; 1933 Apr. 14; 1934
Mar. 19-Oct. 20; 1935 Mar. 14-Oct.
5; 1936 Mar. 7-Nov. 5; 1937 Mar.
21; 1938 Mar. 13; 1941 Oct. 9; 1942
Mar. 21; 1943 Oct. 2; 1945 Mar. 23;
1947 Sept. 28; 1948 Mar. 22-Sept.
7; 1949 Oct. 28. WILSON’S PH ALA-
ROPE: 1936 May 3; 1938 Apr. 10;
1939 Apr. 29; 1940 Sept. 9; 1941
May 8. MOURNING DOVE: 1928
Mar. 25; 1925 Apr. 5; 1930 Apr. 17;

38

Nebraska Bird Review

1931 Apr. 15; 1932 Apr. 3; 1933
Mar. 29-Oct. 4; 1934 Oct. 13; 1935
Apr. 17-0ct. 5; 1936 Mar. 29-Oct.
4; 1937 Apr. 17; 1940 Apr. 16-Sept.
5; 1941 Mar. 24-Oct. 6; 1942 Apr.
3-0ct. 5; 1945 Mar. 18; 1946 Mar.
27-Oct. 21; 1947 Apr. 2; 1949 Mar.
21. YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO:

1936 May 24; 1937 May 30; 1938
May 25; 1941 May 23-Sept. 16; 1942
May 28; 1943 May 28; 1949 May 7-
Sept. 12; 1950 May 23.

WHIP-POOR-WILL: 1935 A p r.

28. This is the one and only that
Fve ever seen and heard in Nebras¬
ka. What it was doing that far west
is hard to say, but there was never
any doubt of its identity.

RED-HEADED WOODPECKER:

1928 May 11; 1930 May 10; 1931 May
10; 1932 May 4; 1933 May 13-Sept.
28; 1937 May 4; 1938 May 5-Sept.
16; 1936 May 9-Sept. 28; 1937 May
4; 1938 May 5-Sept. 16; 1939 May 7-
Nov. 5; 1940 May 2-Sept. 6; 1942
May 11; 1944 May 4-Oct. 3; 1948
May 13; 1949 May 9-Sept. 11. EAST¬
ERN KINGBIRD: 1929 May 2;
1930 May 1; 1931 May 1; 1932 May
3; 1933 May 6; 1935 May 11-Sept.
10; 1936 May 1-Sept. 9; 1937 Sept.
22; 1938 Apr. 10-Sept. 5; 1939 May
5-Sept. 8; 1940 May 2; 1942 May 8;
1943 Apr. 28-Sept. 4; 1945 May 6;
1947 May 2; 1948 May 12; 1949 May
7; 1950 May 11. WESTERN KING¬
BIRD: 1928 May 4; 1929 May 4;
1930 May 1; 1931 May 7; 1932 May
6; 1933 May 6; 1934 May 6-Sept. 10;
1935 Apr. 24-Sept. 10; 1936 Apr. 30;

1937 May 4; 1938 Apr. 30-Sept. 10;
1939 May 7; 1940 Apr. 26-Sept. 6;
1941 May 1; 1942 Apr. 29; 1943 May
4; 1945 May 5; 1948 Apr. 29-Sept.
25; 1949 May 7-Sept. 11.

BARN SWALLOW: 1928 Apr. 29;

1929 Apr. 27; 1930 May 3; 1931 Apr.
27; 1932 Apr. 3; 1933 Apr. 19; 1934
Apr. 24; 1935 Apr. 24-Oct. 2; 1940
May 1-Sept. 3; 1948 May 12; 1949

May 7-Sept. 11. HOUSE WREN:
1928 May 27; 1930 May 21; 1932
May 13; 1935 Sept. 13; 1937 May 1;
1938 May 1; 1939 May 8; 1940 May
3-Sept. 6; 1941 May 2; 1942 May 9;
1946 May 1; 1947 May 2; 1948 May
2; 1949 May 1-Sept. 16; 1950 May 5.
MOCKINGBIRD: 1939 May 24; 1930
Apr. 30; 1931 Apr. 9; 1937 Apr. 29;
1933 May 3; 1936 Apr. 20; 1938 May
3; 1943 Apr. 14; 1948 May 8.

BROWN THRASHER: 1928 May
8; 1931 May 1; 1932 May 1; 1933
Apr. 27; 1935 Apr. 30-Sept. 20; 1936
May 6-Sept. 22; 1937 Sept. 11; 1938
Apr. 26-Sept. 30; 1939 Apr. 25; 1940
May 2-Sept. 5; 1941 Apr. 30; 1942
Apr. 21; 1943 Apr. 27; 1945 Apr.
26; 1946 May 3; 1948 Apr. 24-Sept.
10; 1949 Apr. 30-Sept. 10; 1950 Apr.
23. YELLOW WARBLER: 1928 May
13; 1929 May 3; 1930 May 3; 1931
May 3; 1932 May 11; 1933 May 6;

1935 May 2; 1938 May 4; 1940 May
3; 1941 Apr. 29; 1942 May 1; 1943
May 2; 1944 May 11; 1946 Apr. 20-
Aug. 28; 1947 May 4; 1948 May 4;
1949 Apr. 23; 1950 May 2. MYRTLE
WARBLER: 1935 May 2; 1937 Apr.
23; 1940 Apr. 29; 1941 Apr. 27; 1949
Apr. 28; 1950 Apr. 22-Sept. 27. YEL-
LOWTHROAT: 1933 Apr. 30; 1935
May 12; 1936 May 10; 1939 May 10;
1941 May 10; 1948 Apr. 16; 1949
May 7; 1950 May 5. ORCHARD
ORIOLE: 1928 May 14; 1929 May
12; 1930 May 17; 1931 May 5; 1932
May 13; 1937 May 14; 1935 May 6;

1936 May 6; 1938 May 13; 1941 May
8; 1942 May 14; 1943 May 12; 1949
May 4; 1950 May 12. BALTIMORE
ORIOLE: 1928 May 6; 1929 May 6;
1930 May 3; 1931 May 10; 1932 May
13; 1933 May 7; 1935 May 4; 1936
May 6; 1938 May 3; 1939 May 5, 1941
May 7-Sept. 5; 1942 May 2; 1943
May 3; 1946 May 5; 1947 May 5-
Sept. 5; 1948 May 6-Sept. 16; 1949
May 3; 1950 May 5.

(continued on page 40)

Nebraska Bird Review

39

TREASURER'S REPORT—1963

Cash and Bank account January 1, 1963 .$ 424.56

Investments-Bonds and Savings .1,074.54

Receipts for year

157 active memberships . 471.00

38 sustaining memberships .— 190.00

Subscriptions to Review

20 direct ..-.. 70.00

1 via foreign agency . ..—- 3.08

13 via domestic agency ...- 39.00

Occasional Papers

No. 1 through No. 5 ... . 22.50

Revised Check list sold .. . 15.00

Field Cards sold ... . 9-60

Reviews sold . 3.0D

Memberships list sold . . ... - 5.00

Interest on Investments . 46.20

Spring meeting registration and dinner ... 333.60

Overpayment of memberships and subscription . 1.65

1,499.10

661.00

112.08

55.10

46.20

333.60

1.65

Increase in prepaid membership and subscription
over last year ..

1,209.63

28.92

Total Income for 1963 .... $1,238.55

EXPENDITURES

Graham printing service for Review

January Review .$ 145.59

April Review .— 115.90

July Review . 127.54

October Review . 152.24 541.27

Officer’s Expenses

Doris Gates . 109.65

Lee Morris . 16.59

C. W. Huntley . 7.80 134.04

Refunds for overpayment of memberships and

subscriptions . 1.65

Fidelity Bond for Treasurer and Custodian . 10.00

Due cards printed . 16.95

State permit for 1962 . 3.00 31.60

Spring meeting room rental, lunches etc. 61.85

Spring meeting conference and dinner . 284.25 346.10

Duplicator paper . 19.90 19.90

Total Expenses for 1963 . $1,072.91

Cash and bank balance December 31, 1963 .. 336.50

Investments, Dec. 1963 including $200.00 transferred from

bank to Saving Account and $23.70 Interest .1,298.24 1,664.74

-1,499.10

Increase in cash and investments over

December 31, 1962 . 165.64

Receipts minus expenses for 1963 . $ 165.64

Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc.
Chadron State College
Chadron, Nebraska
Return Requested

BULK RATE
U. S. POSTAGE
PAID

Permit No. 10
Chadron, Nebr.

COMMON GRACKLE: 1936 Mar.
19-Oct. 17; 1937 Apr. 5-Nov. 6; 1938
Apr. 4-Oct. 12; 1939 Apr. 2-Oct. 20;
1940 Apr. 14; 1941 Mar. 18-Oct. 27;
1942 Apr. 2-Oct. 4. BLACK-HEAD¬
ED GROSBEAK: 1929 May 12; 1930
May 7; 1933 May 9; 1935 May 1;
1936 May 13; 1938 May 15; 1941
May 10; 1945 May 6; 1947 May 8;
1948 Apr. 29. LARK SPARROW:

1935 Apr. 27; 1936 Apr. 28; 1937
Apr. 27-Oct. 9; 1938 Apr. 23; 1940
May 2; 1948 May 26; 1950 May 1.
WHITE-CROWNED SPARROW:

1936 Apr. 28; 1937 Apr. 12-May 1;
1938 Apr. 23-May 2; 1939 Apr. 10;
1944 May 6; 1945 May 6; 1946 Apr.
26; 1948 Apr. 26-May 9; 1949 May
2. WHITE-THROATED SPARROW:

1937 May 9; 1950 May 7; 1958 May
11.—Carol Kinch, Lincoln.

“I saw a Barrow’s Goldeneye on
the canal below the powerhouse Dec.
16 (1963). I was sort of idly watch¬
ing a large flock of Common Golden¬
eyes but kept coming back to one of
the males because he seemed a little
different than the others. Then he
turned broadside and I finally woke
up to the fact that he had a white
crescent instead of a dot.

“Ella Nielsen was excited yester¬
day to find and identify a female
Pine Grosbeak in her yard (Dec. 17,

1963). (Others) at Lake Maloney
and in the southwest part of town
have both had small flocks of them
feeding in their back yards for some
time. Both places have had flocks
of Evening Grosbeaks, too, and one
has a Mockingbird coming to her
feeder every morning.”—Gail Shick-
ley, North Platte.

“Sept. 23 (1963) we saw about

150 to 200 pelicans fly over the Little
Sandy Creek. Sept. 29 we saw 40
pelicans go over about one mile from
where we saw the first ones. These
were circling a farm pond. We went
over the next day at 5:30 A.M. They
were on the pond and were fishing.
We did not want to get too close to
them because we did not want them
to fly, but our guess is they were eat¬
ing tadpoles because that is about all
the pond has in it.”—Mrs. Glen Hoge,
Powell.

“(Friends) found a male Prairie
Chicken on their farm (three miles
south and a mile west of Auburn).
They heard it booming first, a sound
like wind through a pipe, they said,
and then they saw it. They threw
a little clod toward it, and it raised
its ‘horns’ and puffed out the orange
pouches, and challenged them! They
kept on flicking little bits of dirt to¬
wards it, and it came up to them
and they caught it! And released it,
of course.”—Ruth Wensein, Brown-
ville.

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Digital Commons^ University of Nebraska - Lincoln

Nebraska Bird Review

Nebraska Ornithologists' Union

7-1964

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ISSUE.

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nebbirdrev

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Nebraska Bird Review (July 1964) 32(3), WHOLE ISSUE.

Copyright 1964, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Used by permission.

The Nebraska Bird Review

A Magazine of Ornithology of the Nebraska Region

VOLUME XXXII JULY, 1964 NUMBER 3

Published by the

NEBRASKA ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, INC.

Founded 1899

TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Present Status of Fontenelle Forest ...42

Lewis O. Horsky ............ 44

Nesting Report, 1963 _, t __„.... 45

Dana A. Anderson _......____.................. 45

A Day In The Pine Ridge __._..... 47

Sixth Fall Record Report ..................I... 48

The Sixty-Third Annual Meeting ..„...58

General Notes .60

Excerpts from Letters . 4 ... .***,„.„.63

Published quarterly in January, April. July, and October by the Nebraska
Ornithologists’ Union as its official journal and sent free to all members who
are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions at $3.50 per volume in the United
States .and $3.75 in all countries, payable in advance. Single numbers,
$1.00 each. All dues and subscriptions should be remitted to the Treasurer,
Lee Morris, Bradshaw, Nebraska. Orders for back numbers should be sent to
the Custodian, Miss Bertha Winter, University of Nebraska State Museum,
Lincoln, Nebraska. All manuscripts for publication should be sent to the Edi¬
tor, Doris Gates, Nebraska State Teachers College, Chadron, Nebraska.

42

Nebraska Bird Review

THE PRESENT STATUS OF FONTENELLE FOREST

by James M. Malkowski

Fontenelle Forest is one of the
few natural “valuables” of eastern
Nebraska, It is worthy of greater
attention and is beginning to re¬
ceive it as evidenced by the an¬
nouncement made on April 10,
1964, by Secretary of the Interior,
Stuart J. Udall, in which he desig¬
nated Fontenelle Forest as one of
the seven most notable “Natural
Historic Landmarks” in the United
States, After more than 10 months
of investigation, a committee based
this tribute on the following points:

1. Natural quality and character;

2, Degree of dissimilarity to other
sites; 3. Importance to education
and science; 4. Reasonable invulner¬
ability to deterioration and destruc¬
tion; 5. Practicable size; 6. Avail-
ablity and accessability; and 7,
Sympathetic and responsible owner¬
ship.

In this 1,600 acre semi-wilderness
lies nearly all major ecological
varieties of the Missouri River
complex. Most prominent, geogra¬
phically, are the ridges which
dominate the Forest in its entire
length of nearly four miles. Beginn¬
ing less than one mile southeast of
the Omaha city limits, these ridges
continue to three-fourths of a mile
from Bellevue, Nebraska. Deeply
cut by 10 major drainage streams,
the ridges contain serene hollows
naturally walled with steep wooded
slopes of loess soil. The ground
pattern of ups and downs appears
as miniature mountains from an
aerial view. But more important,
the ridges and ravines contain
plants and animals which could not
live anyplace else. Numerous year-
around flowing springs seep out of
these limestone-underlain bluffs to
keep minor aquatic areas open all

winter long. One major spring has
been tapped to the Gifford farm¬
stead, and the overflow maintains
an active stream which feeds a
swamp-marsh consisting of several
acres. Here flora and fauna can be
observed which occur no place else
in the 1,600 acres. Slightly eastward
is a fading oxbow lake, gradually
falling prey to sedimentation and
plant succession. Place all these
together with numerous acres of
flat floodplain and some very rare
natural eastern prairie, and Fonte¬
nelle Forest is a natural collection
of interesting features that should
attract many people. This area is
within 45 minutes drive of half a
million people.

The Forest would not be here
were it not for the foresight of
dedicated men in the late 1800’s and
early 1900’s. So thoroughly con¬
vinced were such men as Dr. A. A.
Tyler of Bellevue College, Dr.
Harold Gifford, Dr. Solon R. Towne,
and others that this area would
some day be drastically needed in
its natural condition that they
worked incessantly to set it aside
from increasing urban and agri¬
cultural development. And after a

Nebraska Bird Review

43

series of tries and failures, an act
of legislature on April 19, 1915, en¬
trusted this fascinating area to 18
men called the Fontenelle Forest
Association. This organization suc¬
ceeded in adding more land until
the present acreage was reached.
The Forest is privately operated by
a non-profit corporation dedicated
to the stipulation accompanying its
creation—for public use and educa¬
tion.

The first 50 years of Fontenelle
Forest’s existance has been mainly
for conservation and preservation.
As a result, today it exists as a
green oasis. Most Nebraskans are
unaware of its existance or values.
Probably 30 percent of people in
Omaha don’t know of it and 60
percent have never been there.

My position, Naturalist, was creat¬
ed by the Association as an attempt
to increase local and state apprecia¬

tion of Fontenelle Forest. Basically,
the present philosophy of the As¬
sociation is to increase use—scienti¬
fic, educational, cultural, and rec¬
reational—with the. unaltered ob¬
jectives of conservation and preser¬
vation. These plans are compatible
if administered properly.

Out of the part-time interpretive
program of nature-walks, distribut¬
ed literature, and extensive slide
presentations during the past three
years, a larger goal has been en¬
visioned. Steps have already been
taken and progress has been made
toward building a Natural Science
Center. From this hub it is antici¬
pated that the various activities will
radiate under strict management to
insure the Forest’s continued use.
A major interpretive building and
full-time staff will focus the acti¬
vities. College research will be sti¬
mulated and guided. Daily educa-

Piciures of the Forest are by the Author.

44

Nebraska Bird Review

tional walks will be conducted for
school classes from third grade
through high-school on a graduated-
program basis. Living plants and
animals, representing seasonal cross-
sections of the Forest, will be on
display daily. Self-guided nature
trails will aid casual observers,
while special programs will pro¬
vide for specific-interest groups. A
newsletter will inform interested
people of all activities and occur¬
rences in the local area. The fact
that the 1,600 acre Gifford Preserve
is the Forest’s only neighbor to the
northeast suggests possible increases
in its value since more than 300 deer
and a heronry exist there.

Simply stated, the uniqueness of
Fontenelle Forest makes it a “na¬
tural” for a Midwestern Nature Cen¬
ter. But geographic features and
wild plants and animals are not
enough. A feasible plan must be im¬
plemented. Before sufficient funds
can become available, the prospects
of a nature center must be widely
accepted. Progress is evident but is
not to the stage of immediate pre¬
cipitation. All help is needed and
requested, be it financial, technical,
verbal or literary. When wide¬
spread appreciation of Fontenelle
Forest is realized, it will become in¬
creasingly valuable to Omaha, Ne¬

braska, the Midwest and the United
States.

As the encroachment and desecra¬
tion of our natural areas continues,
each unmolested piece of land will
become increasingly valuable. Fon¬
tenelle Forest already ranks among
the most important natural areas
immediately available to great hu¬
man populations. By channeling in¬
creased use through a Natural
Science Center, Fontenelle Forest
can continue as a nationally-recog¬
nized natural area with a program
that will benefit millions of people
in many ways—true conservation
being one. What better investment
can be made in the future of our
earth and its inhabitants?

LEWIS O. HORSKY

L. O. Horsky, a member of N.O.U.
since 1910, died in Omaha June 21,
1964, at the age of 78. Mr. Horsky
continued to be an active member
of N.O.U. until the time of his
death. He was given an Honorary
Membership in 1958. He was re¬
sponsible for encouraging many

others in their interest in the or¬
ganization and often paid their dues.

People of Omaha and Nebraska
will remember him as a student of
nature in general, interest in the
trees, especially, and author of many
articles for the Omaha papers.

Nebraska Bird Review

45

NESTING REPORT, 1963

Compiled by Ruth Wensien

Reports were received from seven
reporters, from but four of the
seven established areas, listing 75
species, and adding one new record,
that of the Yellow-crowned Night
Heron.* This makes a total of 158
species reported since 1956. It is
known that some of the nesting at¬
tempts listed were not successful.
The record is sketchy, and many,
many more reports are needed for
a comprehensive picture.**

Reporters and counties represent¬
ed were:

Area 1, Doris Gates, Chadron,
Dawes Co.

Area 4, Catherine Viehmeyer,
North Platte, Lincoln Co.

Area 4, Mrs. Morris A. Cox,
Hershey, Lincoln Co.

Area 5E, R. G. Cortelyou, Omaha,
Douglas Co.

Area 5E, Lena Harden, Blue
Springs, Gage Co.

Area 5E, Ruth Wensien, Brown-
ville, Nemaha Co.

Area 5W, Harold Turner, Hols¬
tein, Webster Co.

*See page 9, Jan. issue.

**The next report is to be given
by cities and counties as are the
other reports rather than by the
area system.—Ed.

Horned Grebe (4)

Great Blue Heron (4)
Black-crowned Night Heron (4)
Yellow-crowned Night Heron (5E)
Mallard (1, 4, 5E)

Blue-winged Teal (5E)

Wood Duck (5E)

Red-tailed Hawk (5W)

Swainson’s Hawk (4, 5E)

Sparrow Hawk (4)

Bobwhite (4, 5E, 5W)

Ring-necked Pheasant, (4, 5E, 5W)
Turkey (4)

Killdeer (4, 5W)

Upland Plover (4, 5W)

Mourning Dove (1, 4, 5E, 5W)

Barn Owl (4)

Screech Owl (5E)

Great Horned Owl (1, 4, 5E, 5W)
Chimney Swift (5E)

Flicker (4, 5E, 5W)

Red-bellied Woodpecker (4, 5E)
Red-headed Woodpecker (4, 5E, 5W)
Hairy Woodpecker (4, 5W)

Downy Woodpecker (4, 5E, 5W)
Eastern Kingbird (4, 5E, 5W)
Western Kingbird (4, 5E, 5W)
Great Crested Flycatcher (5W)
Eastern Phoebe (5E, 5W)

Say’s Phoebe (4, 5W)

Horned Lark (4, 5E)

Bank Swallow (5E)

Barn Swallow (4, 5E, 5W)

Cliff Swallow (4, 5E)

DANA A. ANDERSON

Dana Anderson of St. Edward
died in Lincoln May 23, 1964, at the
age of 80. Mr. Anderson became a
member of N.O.U. in 1933 and a
Life Member in 1952. He will be
remembered as one who had a yard
equipped to attract many kinds of
birds which he enjoyed for their
color and song. He sold many kinds

of bird feeders, nesting boxes, and
bird food all over the state.

Mr. Anderson not only enjoyed
the birds but was very active in
various conservation movements.
Mrs. Anderson writes that she in¬
tends to remain in their home in
St. Edward.

46

Nebraska Bird Review

Purple Martin (5E)

Blue Jay (4, 5E)

Black-billed Magpie (1, 4 , 5W)
Common Crow (4, 5E)

Black-capped Chickadee (4, 5E, 5W)
Tufted Titmouse (5E)
White-breasted Nuthatch (5E)
House Wren (4, 5E, 5W)

Catbird (5E, 5W)

Brown Thrasher (4, 5E, 5W)

Robin ( 4 , 5E, 5W)

Eastern Bluebird (1, 4, 5E, 5W)
Mountain Bluebird (1)

Cedar Waxwing (4)

Starling (1, 4 , 5W)

Bell’s Vireo <4, 5W)

Red-eyed Vireo (5E)

Warbling Vireo (5E, 5W)

Yellow Warbler (4)

Yellowthroat (5E)

House Sparrow (1, 4, 5E, 5W)

Bobolink (4)

Eastern Meadowlark (1, 5W)
Western Meadowlark (4, 5W)
Red-winged Blackbird (4, 5E, 5W)
Orchard Oriole (4, 5E f 5W)
Baltimore Oriole (4, 5E, 5W)
Common Grackle (4, 5E, 5W)
Brown-headed Cowbird (4, 5E, 5W)
Cardinal (5E, 5W)

Rose-breasted Grosbeak (5E)

Blue Grosbeak (4, 5W)

Indigo Bunting (5E)

Dickcissel (4, 5E, 5W)

Pine Siskin (4)

American Goldfinch (4, 5E)
Rufous-sided Towhee (5E)

Lark Bunting (4)

Grasshopper Sparrow (5E, 5W)
Lark Sparrow (1, 5E)

Chipping Sparrow (5E)

A scene from the Pine Ridge.

Nebraska Bird Review

47

A DAY IN THE PINE RIDGE

Sit at a long narrow dining table
and face a large window which
frames Crow Butte and the range
of pine-clad buttes leading to it.
Note the comfort of a rambling
ranch house tastefully arranged.
This is the place to rest and eat
between trips to the hill-tops or
West Ash Creek on foot or horse¬
back, or car trips to any number of
scenic or historic places.

This is the Broken H Ranch of
Mb. and Mrs. Levi Richardson lo¬
cated about eight miles east of
Crawford in a part of the Pine
Ridge believed by many to be the
most beautiful part of Nebraska.
Polly and Levi entertain paying
guests* in early summer and fall
and in hunting season (deer and
turkey) in addition to doing their
regular job of maintaining their
Richardson Hereford Ranch and
tending many acres of wheat fields.

On a mid-June day in 1964 a visit
was made to this interesting place
with the special intention of learn¬
ing what kinds of birds might be
found. A walk along a drainage sy¬
stem to West Ash Creek revealed
several Yellow-breasted Chats, Ru¬
fous-sided Towhees, and Lazuli
Buntings. It is known that the La¬
zuli and Indigo Buntings hybridize
in the Pine Ridge. Numerous Lark
Sparrows flew along the country
roads and Dickcissels showed them¬
selves by a field of brome. Western
Meadowlarks, of course, are every¬
where and Lark Buntings could be
seen at several places.

A drive up the road to a picnic
area on land administered by the
Forest Service on West Ash Creek

*Mrs. Levi Richardson, Richard¬
son Hereford Ranch, Crawford,
Nebr.

gave opportunity to see high banks
of “butte rock,” mainly a solf sand¬
stone, which in some places were
cracked and undercut making nest¬
ing places for White-throated
Swifts. At one point a Cooper’s
Hawk flew by followed closely by
a Black-billed Magpie.

At the picnic area Ovenbirds
could be heard singing and in the
distance the faint call of a Black
and White Warbler. American Red¬
starts, Yellow Warblers, House
Wrens, and Western Wood Pewees
were in the cottonwoods and ash
trees, and higher on the hills where
the Ponderosa pines grow, Audu¬
bon’s Warblers could be heard.

It was surprising to find a verit¬
able garden of mosses, lichens, and
ferns on a protected hillside where
large rocks were tumbled down,
and a single plant of a coral root
orchid was still in bloom. Near the
rocks were two large aspen trees
and many small ones. Not far from
there, in a sunny cut along the
road, were a number of sumac
plants.

In the afternoon a trip afoot was
taken to the tall hill just south of
the house. Finding the nest of a
pair of Golden Eagles was the aim.
Though no eagles were seen, a
Sparrow Hawk hovered below the
hill top to the north, and what was
probably a pair of Prairie Falcons
flew around the tops of the rocky
buttes to the south. What might
have been an old eagle nest could
be seen, but there was no sign of
activity.

From a high point, the buttes
around Crawford and Ft. Robinson
looked bigger than ever. Round Top
and Sugar Loaf were more prom¬
inent and the Black Hills can be
seen to the north on a clear day.

48

Nebraska Bird Review

The bright green pasture just below
was liberally sprinkled with yucca
and here and there were scattered
mariposa lilies. Cactuses were in
flower, too. Patches of badlands in
miniature showed white among the
trees. Cattle were bedded down in
the shade.

A pleasant day in which 44 spec¬
ies of birds was listed was climaxed
by a large Golden Eagle rising from
a wheat field and heading lazily
into a heavy wind. This was only a
few miles from the Broken H
Ranch in the direction of Chadron.
—Doris Gates

SIXTH FALL RECORD REPORT

Compiled by Neva Pruess

A slightly revised format is used
for record dates in this report. For
a summer resident, the last date of
observation is given, preceded by
two dashes which indicate that the
species was present in the area dur¬
ing the summer months. For a win¬
ter resident, the first date of ob¬
servation is given, followed by two
dashes which indicate that the
species was present during the win¬
ter months. This system is used
whenever the reporter marked the
bird as a summer or a winter resi¬
dent. Some reports gave an early
July date and an autumn departure
date or an autumn arrival date and
a late December date. In these in¬
stances the July or December date
is omitted and the dashes used as
above to indicate the presence of
the species.

In a few cases only a July date
was reported for a summer resident
or only a December date was given
for a winter resident. These are in¬
cluded in the following summary
although they are of little value
other than to record the occurence
of the bird in a specific area. Arri¬
val and departure dates are much
more important. July dates are used
when they are of special interest,
as in the case of Cedar Waxwings
and Song Sparrows. December dates
are used when there is doubt as to
the winter resident status.

A capital “P” indicates a per¬
manent resident and is used when¬
ever the reporter marked the bird
as permanent or gave dates from
early July to late December. This
produces some discrepancy, as in
the case of Robins, Meadowlarks
and Horned Larks, since the winter
birds are probably not the same in¬
dividuals as the summer ones. The
designation “P”, therefore, merely
signifies that the species is present
the year round and the birds may
or may not be the same individuals.
In a few special cases departure
dates are given followed by a
December observation or by the
designation “some P”.

Two dates usually indicate arri¬
val and departure of a migratory
species. An asterisk (*) following a
date means that the observer saw
that species only once. This mark
is used only where the report was
so marked or the notes accompany¬
ing it indicated a single observa¬
tion. Some of the other single dates
may also represent a bird seen on
one date only.

Eastern and Western Meadow¬
larks are lumped in this report be¬
cause of the difficulty in separating
them in the fall when they are not
singing. Flickers are also Tumped
because of the frequent hybirds in
Nebraska. One repbrter grouped the
Pipits and this was followed in the

Nebraska Bird Review

49

compilation. Most reports listing
terns identified them as Common
Terns. Some of these were probably
Forster’s Terns.

Following are the participating
counties and a few special com¬
ments:

Adams, Hastings: Margaret Jones
and the Brooking Bird Club.

Cass, Plattsmouth: Gertrude
Wood and Plattsmouth Bird Club.
The Snowy Owl at the Plattsmouth
refuge December 5-7 was found
dead on December 8. The December
29 dates for Snowy Owl and Short¬
eared Owl are from the Omaha Bird
Club Christmas count. The Geese
records are from the Plattsmouth
refuge. The July date for Cedar
Waxwings represents a nesting pair.
A Song Sparrow was present and
singing from July 2 until Septem¬
ber 3.

Douglas, Omaha: R. G. Cortelyou
and the Omaha Bird Club. Belle¬
vue: Carl Swanson. This includes
part of Sarpy County and a small
area on the Iowa side of the Mis¬
souri River. Yellow-headed Black¬
birds were not seen from July 11
to Aug. 30 and Mr. Cortleyou does
not know whether they were gone
from the area or were present but
not seen.

Dawes, Chadron: Doris Gates.

Gage, Beatrice: Vera Anderson.

Jefferson, Powell: Mr. and Mrs.
Glen Hoge.

Lancaster, Lincoln: Ralph Har¬
rington and the Audubon Natura¬
list’s Club. An injured Baltimore
Oriole was still present on Decem¬
ber 2.

Lincoln, North Platte: Gail Shick-
ley, Katherine Viehmeyer, Neva
Pruess. Hershey: Mrs. Morris Cox.
For the third year a Great Blue
Heron has overwintered at North
Platte.

McPherson, western part: Mrs.
Oona Bassett.

Nemaha, Auburn: Mrs. LeRoy
Mowery. Brownsville: Ruth Wen-
sien.

Scottsbluff, Scottsbluff: Joyce
Brashear, Norma Mae Vance, Mary
Ann Banghart.

Webster, Holstein: Harold Tun-
ner.

Some birds are believed to be per¬
manent all over the state and were
deleted. They include: Red-tailed
Hawk, Sparrow Hawk, Bobwhite
(except Dawes County), Ring-neck¬
ed Pheasant, Great Horned Owl,
Flicker, Hairy and Downy Wood¬
peckers, Blue Jay (except Dawes
Country where Nov. 29 was the
last date), Common Crow, Black-
capped Chickadee, Meadowlark, and
Cardinal (except Dawes County).

LOONS

COMMON LOON, Gage, (Sept.),
Lincoln (Nov. 20).

GREBES

HORNED GREBE, Douglas (Dec. 4),
Lincoln (Nov. 20). EARED GREBE,
McPherson (Sept. 5). WESTERN
GREBE, Lincoln (Nov. 20), McPher¬
son (Sept. 9-24). PIED-BILLED
GREBE, Cass (Nov. 10), Douglas
(July 10-Dec. 4), Gage (Sept.-Oct),
Jefferson (Sept. 11-25), Lincoln
(Sept. 15-Nov. 3), McPherson (Sept.
9-24), Scottsbluff (Sept. 9-Oct. 19).

PELICANS and CORMORANTS
WHITE PELICAN, Cass (Sept. 1-
Oct. 23), Douglas (July 19), Gage
(Oct.), Jefferson (Sept. 23-Oct. 21),
Lincoln (July 4-Oct. 19). DOUBLE-
CRESTED CORMORANT, Douglas
(Nov. 23), Gage (Oct.), Jefferson
(Sept. 23-Oct. 21), Lincoln (July 10),
Scottsbluff (-Aug. 17), Webster
(Oct. 15-18).

HERONS

GREAT BLUE HERON, Adams
(Aug. 25), Cass (—Oct. 20), Douglas
(—Oct. 24), Jefferson (—Oct. 21),

50

Nebraska Bird Review

Lancaster (—Oct. 20), Lincoln
(—Nov. 29), McPherson (Sept. 17),
Nemaha (Aug. 31), Scottsbluff
(—Aug. 17), Webster (Sept. 14-17).
GREEN HERON, Cass (-Sept. 8),
Douglas (—Sept. 7), Jefferson
(—Sept. 8), Lincoln (July 17). COM¬
MON EGRET, Cass (Sept. 1-4).
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HER¬
ON, Lincoln (—Sept. 1), Webster
(Sept. 3*). YELLOW-CROWNED
NIGHT HERON, Douglas (-Aug.
25). LEAST BITTERN, Douglas
(July 29). AMERICAN BITTERN,
Cass (Aug. 26), Douglas (July 6).

SWANS to DUCKS
CANADA GOOSE, Cass (July 17-
Dec. 31), Douglas (Nov. 23), Gage
(Nov.), Jefferson (Oct. 11-Nov. 25),
Lincoln (Oct. 19-Dec. 8), Scottsbluff
(Nov. 27—), Webster (Sept. 25-Oct.
27). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE,
Cass (Dec. 5), Douglas (Oct. 20),
Jefferson (Oct. 21*), Webster (Oct.
12-15). SNOW GOOSE, Cass (July

17- Dec. 31), Douglas (Oct. 4-Nov 7),
Jefferson (Oct. 11-15), Lancaster
(Oct. 24), Webster (Sept. 25*).
BLUE GOOSE, Cass (Oct. 16-Dec.
31), Douglas (Oct. 4-Nov. 7). Jeffer¬
son (Oct. 11-15). MALLARD, Adams
(Aug. 25—), Cass (—Oct. 20), Doug¬
las (P), Gage (Oct.), Jefferson (Nov.

18- Dec. 11), Lancaster (Sept. 14—),
Lincoln (P), McPherson (Sept. 17-
19), Scottsbluff (Dec. 31). GAD-
WALL, Adams (Dec. 28), Douglas
(Sept. 21-Dec. 4), Lincoln (Oct. 6-
Nov. 20), McPherson (Sept. 17-19).
PINTAIL, Adams (Aug. 25-Nov. 13),
Cass (Oct. 13), Douglas (Oct. 14),
Gage (Oct.), Jefferson (Sept. 23-Oct.
16), Lancaster (Aug. 4), Lincoln
(Nov. 17-Dec. 1), McPherson (Sept.
17-19), Scottsbluff (Dec. 31), Webs¬
ter (Oct. 18-22).

GREEN-WINGED TEAL, Gage
(Sept.), Jefferson (Sept. 29-Nov. 26),
Lincoln (Sept. 15-Nov. 27), Scotts¬
bluff (Dec. 31), Webster (Aug. 13-

Nov. 8). BLUE-WINGED TEAL,
Adams (Nov. 13), Cass (Sept. 24),
Douglas (Aug. 16-Oct. 14), Gage
(Sept.), Jefferson (Sept. 30-Oct. 20),
Lancaster (—Oct. 20), Lincoln (Sept.
15), McPherson (Sept. 17-19), Web¬
ster (Sept. 8-Oct. 15). CINNAMON
TEAL, McPherson (Sept. 17-19).
AMERICAN WIDGEON, Cass (Dec.
29), Douglas (Nov. 23), Jefferson
(Dec. 1*), Lancaster (Nov. 17),
McPherson (Sept. 17-19). SHOVEL¬
LER, Adams (Nov. 13), Douglas
(Oct. 14-Nov. 23), Gage (Oct.), Jef¬
ferson (Oct. 16*), Lancaster (Nov.
3-Dec. 21), Lincoln (Nov. 20),
McPherson (Sept. 17-19). WOOD
DUCK, Cass (Nov. 22), Douglas
(—Oct. 12), Lancaster (Sept. 29).
REDHEAD, Cass (Nov. 10), Lancas¬
ter (Nov. 3), Lincoln (Nov. 20),
McPherson (Sept. 17-19). RING¬
NECKED DUCK, Douglas (Nov. 23).
CANVASBACK, Douglas (Dec. 4),
Gage, (Oct.), Scottsbluff, (Nov. 23).
LESSER SCAUP, Adams (Nov. 13),
Jefferson (Nov. 10-19), Lincoln
(Nov. 20-Dec. 1). COMMON GOLD¬
ENEYE, Lincoln (Sept. 15—), Scotts¬
bluff (Dec. 31). BARROW’S GOLD¬
ENEYE, Lincoln (Dec. 16*). BUF-
FLEHEAD, Lincoln (Nov. 25-Dec.
1), McPherson (Sept. 17-19). RUD¬
DY DUCK, Douglas (Dec. 4-5), Lin¬
coln (Oct. 10-Dec. 1), McPherson
(Sept. 15). HOODED MERGANSER,
Gage (Nov.). COMMON MERGAN¬
SER, Douglas (Nov. 23-Dec. 29),
Jefferson (Dec. 8*), Lincoln (Oct.
10-), Scottsbluff (Dec. 31).

HAWKS

TURKEY VULTURE, Cass (-Sept.
23), Dawes (—Dec. 1), Douglas (July
26), Jefferson (—Oct. 13), Lincoln
(—Nov. 9), Scottsbluff (—Aug. 9),
GOSHAWK, Cass (Dec. 27), Douglas
(Aug. 17), Webster (Nov. 29).
SHARP-SHINNED HAWK, Jeffer¬
son (P), Lancaster (Oct. 20—), Lin¬
coln (Nov. 15), Nemaha (Dec. 30),

Nebraska Bird Review

51

Webster (Sept. 17-Oct. 24). COOP¬
ER’S HAWK, Cass (July 10), Doug¬
las (P), Jefferson (P), Lincoln (Oct.

11- 12), Webster (Oct. 13). RED¬
SHOULDERED HAWK, Cass (Dec.
27), Douglas (P), Gage (Nov.).
SWAINSON’S HAWK, Jefferson
(—Sept. 16) r Lancaster (—Aug. 4),
Lincoln (—No. 9), Webster (—Sept.
25). BROAD-WINGED HAWK, Cass
(Sept. 13-Nov. 19), Douglas (—Aug.
25),

ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK, Cass
(Aug. 20—), Douglas (Nov. 14—),
Gage (Sept.—), Jefferson (Oct. 11—),
Lancaster (Oct. 13—), Lincoln (Oct.
6—), Nemaha (Dec. 30), Scottsbluff
(Nov. 1-). FERRUGINOUS HAWK,
Webster (Aug. 1-Sept. 21). GOLD¬
EN EAGLE, Lincoln (Nov. 3-9),
McPherson (Nov. 28), Scottsbluff
(P), Webster (Dec. 30*). BALD
EAGLE, Cass (Nov. 17-19), Douglas
(Nov. 29), Lincoln (Oct. 18—), Scotts¬
bluff (Dec. 31). MARSH HAWK,
Adams (Dec. 28), Cass (Nov. 3-19),
Douglas (Sept. 16-Dec. 29), Gage
(P), Jefferson (P), Lancaster (P),
Lincoln (P), Nemaha (P), Scotts¬
bluff (P), Webster (P). OSPREY,
Cass (Sept. 13-17), Douglas (Sept.

12- Oct. 20), Jefferson (Aug. 28-Sept.
19). PRAIRIE FALCON, Webster
(Dec. 26). PEREGRINE FALCON,
Douglas (July 14), Lincoln (Nov. 15),
McPherson (Oct. 27), PIGEON
HAWK, Jefferson (Oct. 10*), Lin¬
coln (Dec. 8-22), McPherson (Sept.
18), Scottsbluff (Dec. 31).

GALLINACEOUS BIRDS
GREATER PRAIRIE CHICKEN,
Jefferson (P), Lincoln (P), McPher¬
son (P). SHARP-TAILED GROUSE,
McPherson (P). TURKEY, Scotts¬
bluff (P).

CRANES and RAILS

SANDHILL CRANE, Dawes (Oct.
21), Lincoln (Oct. 24-Nov. 20),

Scottsbluff (Oct. 19-24), Webster
(Sept. 22-Nov. 25). VIRGINIA RAIL,

Lincoln (Oct. 7). SORA, Douglas
(Oct. 4). AMERICAN COOT, Doug¬
las (July 23-Dec. 4), Gage (Aug.-
Oct.), Jefferson (Sept. 14-Oct. 1),
Lincoln (Sept. 15-Oct. 19), Scotts¬
bluff (Oct. 21-Dec. 31).

SHORE BIRDS

SEMIPALMATED PLOVER, Cass
(Aug. 29-Oct. 13), Lancaster (July
27-Sept. 14). KILLDEER, Adams
(Dec. 28), Cass (—Dec. 8), Douglas
(—Nov. 23), Gage (—Oct.), Jeffer¬
son (—Dec. 7), Lancaster (—Dec. 21),
Lincoln (—Dec. 1), McPherson (Sept.
23), Nemaha (-Oct. 2), Scottsbluff
(—Dec. 3), Webster (—Oct. 31).
AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER,
Lincoln (Sept. 17*). BLACK-BEL¬
LIED PLOVER, Lancaster (July 27),
McPherson (Aug. 18). COMMON
SNIPE, Adams (Oct. 13), Cass (Aug.
20), Lancaster (Dec. 21-29), Lincoln
(Sept. 18-Nov. 24), Scottsbluff (Nov.
23-Dec. 31), LONG-BILLED CUR¬
LEW, Scottsbluff (—Sept. 3). UP¬
LAND PLOVER, Jefferson (-Sept.
2), Lincoln (—Sept. 3), Scottsbluff
(—Sept. 9), Webster (—Sept. 17).
SPOTTED SANDPIPER, Cass (July
31), Douglas (July 29*), Jefferson
(—Sept. 16), Lancaster (July 27*),
Lincoln (—Aug. 12), Webster (Aug.
6-Sept. 3). SOLITARY SANDPIP¬
ER, Cass (July 31), Jefferson (Sept.
5- Nov. 26), Scottsbluff (Aug. 17-27),
Webster (Aug. 3-30). GREATER
YELLOWLEGS, Adams (Nov. 13),
Cass (Sept. 13), Gage (July-Aug.),
Lancaster (July 27-Aug. 4), Lincoln
(Sept. 15), Webstei* (Aug. 26-Sept.
14). LESSER YELLOWLEGS,
Adams (Aug. 29), Cass (Sept. 13),
Douglas (July 26-Aug. 2), Gage

(July-Aug.), Lancaster (July 14-Oct.
13), Scottsbluff (Aug. 17). PECTOR¬
AL SANDPIPER, Douglas (Aug. 2),
Lancaster (July 14-Oct. 6). BAIRD’S
SANDPIPER, Adams (Sept. 15),
Cass (July 31-Sept. 13), Lancaster
(July 27-Oct. 6), Scottsbluff (Aug.

52

Nebraska Bird Review

17), Webster (Aug. 20). DOWITCH-
ER, Adams (Sept. 15), Lancaster
(July 27-Oct. 13). STILT SANDPIP¬
ER, Cass (Aug. 20-Sept. 3), Lan¬
caster (Aug. 4-Oct. 6). SEMIPLA-
MATED SANDPIPER, Cass (Aug.
20), Lancaster (July 14-Oct. 6).

SANDERLING, Lincoln (Oct. 9).
AMERICAN AVOCET, Lincoln
(Sept. 24), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 7).
WILSON’S PHALAROPE, Adams
(Aug. 29), Lancaster (July 14-Oct.
13), Scottsbluff (Aug. 7).

GULLS and TERNS
HERRING GULL, Douglas (Dec. 4),
Lancaster (Oct. 6*), Lincoln (Oct. 6-
Dec. 14). RING-BILLED GULL,
Adams (Oct. 14), Cass (July 26-Oct.

8) , Douglas (Sept. 21-Dec. 5), Lan¬
caster (Oct. 6-Nov. 17), Lincoln
(Sept. 15-Dec. 14), Scottsbluff (Nov.

9) . FRANKLIN’S GULL, Adams

(Oct. 14), Cass (July 7), Jefferson
(Oct. 26*), Lancaster (Oct. 6-13),

Lincoln (Sept. 15-Nov. 2), Scotts¬
bluff (Sept. 9), Webster (Sept. 30-
Oct. 22). COMMON TERN, Cass
(Aug. 29-Sept. 4), Douglas (July 28-
Sept. 10), Lancaster (Aug. 25),

McPherson (Sept. 23). LEAST
TERN, Cass (—Sept. 4), Douglas
(July 14). CASPIAN TERN, Cass
(Sept. 4), Douglas (Oct. 4-14), Lan¬
caster (Oct. 6-13). BLACK TERN,
Cass (—Sept. 4), Douglas (—Sept.

10) , Lancaster (—Aug. 25), Lincoln

(Sept. 15), Scottsbluff (—Sept. 9),

Webster (Aug. 7).

DOVES and CUCKOOS
MOURNING DOVE, Adams (Dec.
31), Cass (—Oct. 20), Dawes (—Sept.
27), Douglas (—Dec. 29, some P),
Gage (P), Jefferson (P), Lancaster
(P), Lincoln (—Nov. 17), McPherson
(Sept. 17), Nemaha (-Dec. 30),

Scottsbluff (Dec. 31, some P), Web¬
ster (-Dec. 23). YELLOW-BILLED
CUCKOO, Cass (—Sept. 3), Douglas
(-Oct. 14), Gage (-Sept.), Jeffer¬
son (—Sept. 30), Lancaster (—Sept.

14), Lincoln (—Aug. 15), Nemaha
(—Aug. 16), Scottsbluff (—Aug.),
Webster (-Aug. 21). BLACK-BIL¬
LED CUCKOO, Cass (-Sept. 8),
Douglas (—Sept. 19), Gage (—Sept.),
Jefferson (—Sept. 16), Lancaster
(—Aug. 17), Lincoln (—Aug. 15),
Nemaha (—Aug. 31), Scottsbluff
(—Aug.), Webster (—Aug. 19).
OWLS

SCREECH OWL, Cass (P), Douglas
(P), Jefferson (P), Lancaster (P),
Lincoln (Aug. 2-Nov. 24), Nemaha
(Aug. 16), Scottsbluff (P), Webster
(Aug. 27-Nov. 10). SNOWY OWL,
Adams (Nov. 18), Cass (Dec. 5-7,
Dec. 29). BURROWING OWL,
Adams (Oct. 19), Scottsbluff (Aug.
10). BARRED OWL, Douglas (P).
LONG-EARED OWL, Jefferson
(Dec. 15*). SHORT-EARED OWL,
Cass (Dec. 22-29), Jefferson (Nov.
10-). BOREAL OWL, Webster (Dec.
15-17).

GOATSUKERS to KINGFISHERS

WHIP-POO R-W ILL, Nemaha
(-Sept. 2). POOR-WILL, Dawes
(—Sept. 20), Jefferson (—July 17),
Scottsbluff (-Sept. 8). COMMON
NIGHTHAWK, Adams (-Oct. 10),
Cass (—Oct. 3), Dawes (—Sept. 8),
Douglas (-Oct. 19), Gage (-Sept.),
Jefferson (-Oct. 3), Lancaster
(—Sept. 23), Lincoln (—Oct. 12), Ne¬
maha (-Oct. 2), Scottsbluff (-Oct.
17), Webster (-Sept. 19). CHIMNEY
SWIFT, Adams (-Oct. 15), Cass
(—Oct. 13), Douglas (—Oct. 17), Gage
(—Sept.), Jefferson (—Sept. 29),
Lincoln (—Oct. 10), Nemaha (—Oct.
10), Webster (-Aug. 30). WHITE-
THROATED SWIFT, Scottsbluff
(-Aug.). RUBY-THROATED HUM¬
MINGBIRD, Adams (—Oct. 8),
Douglas (—Sept. 23), Gage (—Sept.),
Lancaster G-Sept. 15), Lincoln (Aug.
12). BELTED KINGFISHER, Adams
(Dec. 30), Cass (—Sept. 28), Doug¬
las (—Dec. 4, some P), Jefferson
(—Dec. 25), Lancaster (P), Lincoln

Nebraska Bird Review

53

(P), Nemaha (—Aug. 31), Scottsbluff

(P).

WOODPECKERS

RED-BELLIED WOOD PECKER,
Cass (P), Douglas (P), Gage (P),
Jefferson (P), Lancaster (P), Lin¬
coln (-Sept. 27), Nemaha (P), Web¬
ster (-Nov. 15). RED-HEADED
WOODPECKER, Adams (-Sept. 24).
Cass (—Oct. 3), Douglas (—Dec. 30,
some P), Gage (—Oct.), Jefferson
(—Oct. 7, Dec. 29*), Lancaster
(—Sept. 23), Lincoln (—Sept. 27),
McPherson (—Sept. 22), Nemaha
(-Dec. 30), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 17),
Webster (-Oct. 5). YELLOW-BEL¬
LIED SAPSUCKER, Douglas (Dec.
6), Lancaster (Oct. 6—), Lincoln
(Oct. 11-Dec. 18).

FLYCATCHERS

EASTERN KINGBIRD, Adams
(—Sept. 15), Cass (—Sept. 8), Dawes
(—Sept. 1), Douglas (—Sept. 21),
Gage (—Sept.), Jefferson (—Sept. 30),
Lancaster (—Sept. 15), Lincoln
(-Sept. 23), McPherson (-Sept. 17),
Nemaha (—Aug. 31), Scottsbluff
(-Sept. 16), Webster (-Sept. 7).
WESTERN KINGBIRD, Cass
(—Aug. 17), Dawes (—Sept. 1), Doug¬
las (—Aug. 21), Gage (—Sept.), Jef¬
ferson (—Sept. 3), Lancaster (—Aug.
20), Lincoln (—Sept. 27), Nemaha
(-Aug. 16), Scottsbluff (-Sept. 16),
Webster (-Sept. 6). CASSIN’S
KINGBIRD, Lincoln (Sept. 11-Sept.
26), Scottsbluff (Sept. 17). SCIS-
SOR-TAILED FLYCATCHER, Lin¬
coln (Sept. 24*). GREAT CRESTED
FLYCATCHER, Cass (Sept. 3-4),
Douglas (—Sept. 12), Jefferson
(—Sept. 20), Lancaster (Sept. 14*),
Lincoln (—Aug. 12), Nemaha, (—Aug.
16), Webster (-Sept. 2). EASTERN
PHOEBE, Cass (—Aug. 3), Douglas
(—Oct. 19), Jefferson (—Oct. 3), Ne¬
maha (-Aug. 16). SAY’S PHOEBE,
Dawes (—Sept. 4), Lincoln (—Sept.
25), Scottsbluff (-Sept. 16), Webster
(-Sept. 15). YELLOW-BELLIED

FLYCATCHER, Cass (Aug. 20).
ACADIAN FLYCATCHER, Douglas
(-Aug. 14). TRAIL’S FLYCATCH¬
ER, Douglas (-Sept. 14). LEAST
FLYCATCHER, Cass (Aug. 14),
McPherson (Aug. 24). EMPIDONAX
SP., Lancaster (Oct. 6*), Webster
(Aug. 29-31). EASTERN WOOD
PEWEE, Cass (-Sept. 14), Douglas
(-Sept. 9), Nemaha (-Sept. 2), Web¬
ster (-Sept. 24). WESTERN WOOD
PEWEE, Scottsbluff (-Sept. 14).
OLIVE- SIDED FLYCATCHER,
Douglas (Sept. 9).

LARKS lo CORVIDS
HORNED LARK, Adams (Dec. 28),
Cass (—Dec. 7), Douglas (—Dec. 5),
Gage (P), Jefferson (P), Lancaster
(P), Lincoln (P), McPherson (P),
Nemaha (P), Scottsbluff (P), Web¬
ster (P). TREE SWALLOW, Doug¬
las (—July 17), Gage (—Aug.), Jef¬
ferson (-Sept. 17). BANK SWAL¬
LOW, Cass (—Aug. 17), Douglas
(—Oct. 14), Jefferson (—Sept. 20),
Lancaster (-Sept. 14). ROUGH¬
WINGED SWALLOW, Cass (-Sept.

13) , Douglas (—Aug. 18), Nemaha
(Aug. 16), Webster (—Aug. 30).
BARN SWALLOW, Adams (-Sept.
15), Cass (—Sept. 22), Dawes (—Sept.

14) , Douglas (—Oct. 25), Gage
(—Aug.), Jefferson (—Oct. 2), Lan¬
caster (—Sept. 14), Lincoln (—Oct.
3), McPherson (Sept. 9-23), Nemaha
(-Sept. 2), Scottsbluff (-Sept. 27),
Webster (-Oct. 9). CLIFF SWAL¬
LOW, Cass (—Sept. 23), Douglas
(—Sept. 15), Gage (—Aug.), Lancas¬
ter (Aug. 4*), Lincoln (—July 25),
Nemaha (Aug. 16), Scottsbluff
(—Aug. 5), Webster (—Sept. 2).
PURPLE MARTIN, Adams (Aug.
27), Cass (—Sept. 23), Douglas
(—Sept. 12), Gage (—Aug.), Jefferson
(—Aug. 30), Lancaster (—Aug. 18).
BLACK-BILLED MAGPIE, Adams
(P), Lincoln (P), Scottsbluff (P),
Webster (P). PINON JAY, Scotts¬
bluff (P).

54

Nebraska Bird Review

CHICKADEES to MOCKINGBIRDS

TUFTED TITMOUSE, Cass (P),
Douglas (P), Gage (P), Jefferson
(Nov. 4—), Lancaster (P), Nemaha
(P). WHITE-(BREASTED NUT¬
HATCH, Adams (Sept. 5-Dec. 28),
(P), Douglas (P), Jefferson (P),
Lancaster (P), Lincoln (Oct. 14-19),
McPherson (Sept. 10). RED¬
BREASTED NUTHATCH, Adams
(Oct. 4—), Cass (Oct. 8—), Douglas
(Oct. 4—), Gage (Nov.—), Lancaster
(Sept. 29—), Lincoln (Aug. 24—),
McPherson (Sept. 19-26), Nemaha
(Dec. 30), Scottsbluff (Sept. 28-).
PIGMY NUTHATCH, Scottsbluff
(Sept. 7~). BROWN CREEPER,
Adams (Oct. 14—), Cass (Oct. 8—),
Douglas (Oct. 4—), Gage (Oct.—),
Jefferson (Oct. 17—), Lancaster
(Sept. 29—), Lincoln (Oct. 6—),
McPherson (Oct. 27-Nov. 11), Ne¬
maha (Dec. 30), Scottsbluff (Dec.
27-). HOUSE WREN, Adams
(—Sept. 24), Cass (—Sept. 27), Doug¬
las (—Oct. 14), Gage (—Aug.), Jef¬
ferson (—Sept. 25), Lancaster (—Oct.
6), Lincoln (—Oct. 6), Nemaha
(-Sept. 2), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 20),
Webster (-Oct. 3). WINTER WREN,
Cass (Oct. 7—), Douglas (Oct. 4—),
Jefferson (Nov. 20—), Nemaha (Dec.
24), Webster (Oct. 16). CAROLINA
WREN, Douglas (P). LONG-BIL¬
LED MARSH WREN, Lancaster
(Oct. 20*), McPherson (Sept. 17).
SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN,
Lancaster (Oct. 20*). ROCK WREN,
Dawes (—Oct. 1), Scottsbluff (—Oct.
6), Webster (Sept. 3-30). MOCKING¬
BIRD, Douglas (Sept. 23*), Jeffer¬
son (—Sept. 2), Lancaster (—Dec.
29), Lincoln (Dec. 1), Nemaha (Aug.
16), Webster (-Sept. 1). CATBIRD,
Adams (—Oct. 22), Cass (—Sept. 23),
Douglas (—Nov. 22), Gage (--Aug.),
Jefferson (—Oct. 25), Lancaster
(—Sept. 14), McPherson (Sept. 24),
Nemaha (—Aug. 31), Scottsbluff
(Sept. 7-21), Webster (-Sept. 27).

BROWN THRASHER, Adams
(—Dec. 31), Cass (—Sept. 22), Dawes
(—Nov. 25), Douglas (—Nov. 22),
Gage (—Sept.), Jefferson (—Oct. 18),
Lancaster (—Oct. 6), Lincoln (—Dec.
14), McPherson (—Oct. 1), Nemaha
(-Aug. 15), Scottsbluff (-Sept. 22)
Webster (Sept. 30).

THRUSHES

ROBIN, Adams (Dec. 31), Cass
(—Oct. 22), Douglas (—Dec. 29, Some
P), Gage (—Sept.), Jefferson (P),
Lancaster (—Oct. 13, Dec. 29), Lin¬
coln (—Dec. 22), McPherson (Oct.
31), Nemaha (—Dec. 20), Scottsbluff
(—Dec. 31, Some P), Webster (Dec.
8). WOOD THRUSH, Adams (-Sept.
21), Douglas (—Oct. 4), Jefferson
(-Sept. 13). SWAINSON’S
THRUSH, Adams (Sept. 24), Lan¬
caster (Sept. 14-23), McPherson
(Sept. 26). EASTERN BLUEBIRD,
Adams (—Nov. 13), Cass (—Dec. 14),
Douglas (—Dec. 5), Jefferson (—Nov.
25), Lincoln (—Nov. 27), Nemaha
(—Dec. 31), Webster (—Nov. 4).
MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD, Lincoln
(Sept. 15-Nov. 20), Scottsbluff (Sept.
15-Oct. 19). WESTERN BLUEBIRD,
Webster (Aug. 21-26). TOWN¬
SEND’S SOLITAIRE, Adams (Nov.
8—), Dawes (Nov. 25—), Lancaster
(Dec. 29—), Lincoln (Sept.—), Scotts¬
bluff (Sept. 10—).

GNATCATCHERS io SHRIKES
BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER,
Douglas (—July 13), Jefferson (Sept.
10*). GOLDEN-CROWNED KING¬
LET, Cass (Oct. 8), Dawes (Nov. 6*),
Douglas (Oct. 14—), Jefferson (Sept.
24—), Lancaster (Dec. 29), Lincoln
(Oct. 18—), Scottsbluff (Oct. 13—),
Webster (Oct. 16-Nov. 5). RUBY-
CROWNED KINGLET, Adams (Oct.
8), Cass (Oct. 8-19), Douglas (Oct.
7-25), Jefferson (Oct. 17-21), Lan¬
caster (Sept. 29-Oct. 13), Lincoln
(Dec. 10-16), McPherson (Sept. 11),
Webster (Sept. 22-Oct. 22). WATER
PIPIT, Lincoln (Oct. 8), Scottsbluff

Nebraska Bird Review

55

(Sept. 15). SPRAGUE’S PIPIT, Lin¬
coln (Oct, 30). PIPIT, Webster
(Sept. 28-Oct. 28). BOHEMIAN

WAXWING, Lincoln (Nov. 10-),
Scottsbluff (W). CEDAR WAX¬
WING, Adams (Sept. 15-), Cass
(July 12-Dec. 27), Douglas (July 6-
Nov. 27), Jefferson (Sept. 11—),
Lancaster (Sept. 23—), Lincoln (Oct.
10—), McPherson (Oct. 1), Scotts¬
bluff (Nov. 4-). NORTHERN
SHRIKE, Jefferson (Dec. 12-30),
Scottsbluff (Nov. 3-). LOGGER-
HEAD SHRIKE, Cass (Nov. 29-Dec.
27), Douglas (—Aug. 10), Gage
(—Sept.), Jefferson (—Nov. 17), Lan¬
caster (—Dec. 29), Lincoln (—Nov.
20), Nemaha (—Dec. 30), Webster
(-Aug. 17).

STARLINGS

STARLINGS were reported from all
stations except two.

VIREOS and WARBLERS

WHITE-EYED VIREO, Douglas
(-Sept. 19). BELL’S VIREO, Doug¬
las (—Sept. 19), Jefferson (—Sept.
13), Lincoln (—Sept. 17), Nemaha
(-Aug. 16), Webster (-Sept. 20).
YELLOW-THROATED VIREO,
Douglas (—Sept. 19), Lincoln (Oct.
14-27). SOLITARY VIREO, Douglas
(Sept. 12-Oct. 7), Lancaster (Sept.
14*). RED-EYED VIREO, Cass
(—Sept. 5), Douglas (—Sept. 12),
Jefferson (—Sept. 11), Scottsbluff
(—Sept. 1), Webster (Aug. 29-30).
WARBLING VIREO, Cass (-Sept.
5), Douglas (—Sept. 19), Webster
(-Aug. 29). BLACK AND WHITE
WARBLER, Adams (Sept. 24),
Douglas (Sept. 23), Lancaster (Sept.
14*), McPherson (Aug. 26). WORM
EATING WARBLER, Cass (Oct. 8).
TENNESSEE WARBLER, Cass
(Aug. 20-Oct. 17), Webster (Aug. 23-
Oct. 4). ORANGE-CROWNED
WARBLER, Cass (Oct. 15), Douglas
(Oct. 1-Oct. 24), Lancaster (Sept. 29-
Oct. 6), Lincoln (Sept. 25-Oct. 13),
McPherson (Sept. 25), Webster

(Sept. 18-Oct. 24). NASHVILLE

WARBLER, Cass (Oct. 8), Douglas
(Sept. 10-Oct. 7), Lancaster (Sept.
14-Oct. 6), McPherson (Sept. 24),
Webster (Sept. 17-25). YELLOW
WARBLER, Adams (-Sept. 24),
Cass (—Sept. 6), Douglas (—Aug. 14),
Jefferson (—Sept. 2), Lancaster
(—Sept. 14), Lincoln (—Aug. 11),
McPherson (Sept. 8), Nemaha (Aug.
16), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 31), Webster
(-Sept. 15).

MAGNOLIA WARBLER, Jefferson
(Sept. 24*). BLACK-THROATED
BLUE WARBLER, Douglas (Sept.
23*). MYRTLE WARBLER, Cass
(Oct. 8-20), Douglas (Oct. 4-24, Dec.
5-), Jefferson (Oct. 17-21), Lan¬
caster (Sept. 29-Oct. 20), Lincoln
(Sept. 7-Nov. 10), Nemaha (Sept.

10- Oct. 11), Scottsbluff (Oct. 19),
Webster (Sept. 7-Oct. 24). AUDU¬
BON’S WARBLER, Lincoln (Oct.

11- 20), Scottsbluff (Oct. 23). CERU¬
LEAN WARBLER, Douglas (-July
20). BLACKPOLL WARBLER, Lin¬
coln (Oct. 26), Jefferson (Oct. 21*).
OVENBIRD, Douglas (-Sept. 9),
McPherson (Aug. 15*). NORTHERN
WATERTHRUSH, Douglas (Aug.
10). LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH,
Douglas (-Sept. 10), KENTUCKY
WARBLER, Douglas (-July 26).
CONNECTICUT WARBLER, Doug¬
las (Sept. 12), McPherson (Sept. 23).
MOURNING WARBLER, Adams
(Sept. 4). YELLOWTHROAT, Cass
(—Sept. 13), Douglas (—Sept. 23),
Jefferson (—Aug. 20), Lancaster
(—July 6), Lincoln (—Aug. 12),
Scottsbluff (-July 20). YELLOW¬
BREASTED CHAT, Adams (Oct. 6),
Cass (—Sept. 13), Douglas (—Aug.
14), Jefferson (June 5*), Lincoln
(July 9), McPherson (Aug. 22-Sept.
23), Scottsbluff (—Aug. 5), Webster
(Aug. 26-Sept. 24). WILSON’S
WARBLER, Adams (Sept. 24), Cass
(Sept. 15), Douglas (Aug. 18-Sept.
2), McPherson (Aug. 22-Sept. 8),
Scottsbluff (Aug. 26-Sept. 15), Web-

56

Nebraska Bird Review

ster (Aug. 3-Oct. 24). AMERICAN
REDSTART, Cass (-Sept. 5), Doug¬
las (—Sept. 2), McPherson (Aug. 22-
Sept. 8), Scottsbluff (Aug. 31), Web¬
ster (Aug. 27-Sept. 7),

WEAVER FINCHES
HOUSE SPARROWS were reported
from all but two stations.

BLACKBIRDS and TANAGERS
BOBOLINK, Adams (Aug. 25),
Douglas (—July 24), Lincoln (—Sept.

15) . YELLOW-HEADED BLACK¬
BIRD, Cass (Aug. 2), Douglas (July
3-11, Aug. 30), Lincoln (Sept. 15),
Scottsbluff (-Aug. 31). RED-WING¬
ED BLACKBIRD, Cass (-Nov. 30),
Douglas (—Nov. 27), Gage (—Oct.),
Jefferson (P), Lancaster (—Dec. 29),
Lincoln (P), McPherson (P), Ne¬
maha (July 4), Scottsbluff (Aug.
31), Webster (P). ORCHARD
ORIOLE, Cass (—Sept. 1), Douglas
(—Sept. 12), Jefferson (—Sept. 20),
Gage (—Sept.), Lancaster (—Sept.
20), Lincoln (—Sept. 17), McPherson
(Aug. 24), Nemaha (July 8), Scotts¬
bluff (-Aug. 20), Webster (-Sept.

16) . BALTIMORE ORIOLE, Adams
(-Sept. 6), Cass (-Sept. 13), Doug¬
las (—Sept. 4), Gage (—Sept.), Jef¬
ferson (—Sept. 29), Lancaster
(—Sept. 2), Lincoln (—Sept. 17), Ne¬
maha (—Aug. 27), Webster (—Sept.
13). BULLOCK’S ORIOLE, McPher¬
son (July 6*), Scottsbluff (—Aug.
19). RUSTY BLACKBIRD, Douglas
(Nov. 23—), Gage (Oct.), Lincoln
(Oct. 9). BREWER’S BLACKBIRD,
Douglas (Aug. 30-Sept. 10), Jeffer¬
son (Nov. 23*), Lincoln (Oct. 9-Nov.

17) , Webster (Nov. 16). COMMON
GRACKLE, Adams (—Dec. 28), Cass
(—Oct. 8), Dawes (—Sept. 20), Doug¬
las (—Nov. 14), Jefferson (—Dec. 25),
Lancaster (—Nov. 3), Lincoln (—Nov.
10), Nemaha (-Aug. 31), Scottsbluff
(-Oct. 24), Webster (-Dec. 8).
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD, Cass
(—Sept. 8), Douglas (—Oct. 25), Gage
(—Oct.), Jefferson (—Dec. 22), Lan¬

caster (Sept. 14-Nov. 3), Lincoln
(—Nov. 20), Nemaha (—Aug. 31),
Scottsbluff (Aug. 1), Webster (—Dec.
30). SCARLET TANAGER, Douglas
(—Aug. 2), Jefferson (June 7*).
WESTERN TANAGER, Jefferson
(Sept. 10*), Scottsbluff (Sept. 15).
FRINGILLIDS

ROSE-BREASTED GROS BEAK )
Cass (—Sept. 14), Douglas (—Sept!
23), Gage (—Sept.), Jefferson
(—Sept. 12), Lancastei* (—Sept. 14),
Nemaha (July 4). BLACK-HEAD¬
ED GROSBEAK, McPherson (July
8*), Scottsbluff (—Sept. 7), Webster
(-Sept. 12). BLUE GROSBEAK,
Douglas (—Aug. 22), Jefferson
(—Sept. 12), Lincoln (—July 20),
McPherson (Aug. 24), Nemaha (Aug.
16), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 17), Webster
(-Sept. 22). INDIGO BUNTING,
Cass (—Aug. 17), Douglas (—Sept.
12), Jefferson (—Sept. 1), Nemaha
(July 4). LAZULI BUNTING,
Scottsbluff (July 1). DICKCISSEL,
Adams (—Aug. 28), Cass (—Sept.
4), Douglas (—Aug. 22), Gage
(-Oct.), Jefferson (—Aug. 15), Lan¬
caster (—Aug. 22), Lincoln (—Aug.
15), McPherson (—Sept. 17), Nema¬
ha (—Aug. 16), Scottsbluff (—Oct.
25), Webster (—Oct. 23).

EVENING GROSBEAK, Adams
(Nov. 8—), Dawes (Sept. 13—), Lan¬
caster (Dec. 29*), Lincoln (Oct.
11—), Scottsbluff (Oct. 22-). PUR¬
PLE FINCH, Cass (Dec. 23-), Doug¬
las (Oct. 10—), Lancaster (Nov.
10-), Lincoln (Nov. 23-Dec. 1). CAS-
SIN’S FINCH, Dawes (Dec. 18).
HOUSE FINCH, Scottsbluff (P).
PINE GROSBEAK, Lincoln (Dec.
17—). COMMON REDPOLL, Cass
(Sept. 4-13), Webster (Oct. 31-Nov.
2.) PINE SISKIN, Adams (Dec.
28—), Cass (Sept. 5-14), Douglas
(Oct. 10—), Lancaster (Oct. 6—),
Lincoln (Nov. 10), McPherson (Sept.
10-25), Scottsbluff (P), Webster
(Aug. 9-Dec. 5).

Nebraska Bird Review

57

AMERICAN GOLDFINCH, Adams
(P), Cass (P), Dawes (-Oct. 27),
Douglas (P), Jefferson (P), Lan¬
caster (P), McPherson (P), Nemaha
(—Sept. 1), Scottsbluff (P), Webster
(P). RED GROSSBILL, Cass (Dec.
29), Douglas (Dec. 5), Lancaster
(Dec. 29), Lincoln (Nov. 10-Dec. 16),
Scottsbluff (Oct. 15—). RUFOUS¬
SIDED TOWHEE, Adams (-Oct.
8), Cass (—Sept. 24), Dawes (—Sept.
26), Douglas (—Dec. 5, Some P),
Gage (—Oct.), Jefferson (P), Lan¬
caster (—Oct. 20), Lincoln (Sept. 20-
Dec. 22), McPherson (Sept. 25), Ne¬
maha (—Aug. 16), Scottsbluff (—Oct.
23), Webster (Sept. 25-Oct. 25).
LARK BUNTING, Lincoln (-Aug.
13), Scottsbluff (-Sept. 15). SA¬
VANNAH SPARROW, Douglas
(Oct. 22), Jefferson (Sept. 11-Nov.
6), Lancaster (Oct. 6-13), Lincoln
(Oct. 3-18), McPherson (Aug. 24),
Webster (Aug. 25-Nov. 16). GRASS¬
HOPPER SPARROW, Douglas (July
24, Oct. 11), Jefferson (—Sept. 5),
Webster (-Oct. 3). BAIRD’S SPAR¬
ROW, Jefferson (Oct. 18*), McPher¬
son (Sept. 26), Webster (Sept. 29-
Oct. 20). LECONTE’S SPARROW,
Cass (Oct. 8), Lancaster (Oct. 20*),
Webster (Oct. 10-Nov. 4). HENS-
LOW’S SPARROW, Jefferson (Oct.
17*), Webster (Oct. 6-23). VESPER
SPARROW, Jefferson (Sept. 16-
Nov. 3), Lincoln (Oct. 3-28), Mc¬
Pherson (Sept. 17), Scottsbluff
(-Oct. 30), Webster (Sept. 27-Oct.
3). LARK SPARROW, Cass (-Sept.
29), Dawes (—Sept. 1), Douglas
(—Aug. 22), Jefferson (—Sept. 2),
Lincoln (—Sept. 27), McPherson
(-Aug. 18), Scottsbluff (-Aug. 17),
Webster (—Sept. 15).

SLATE-COLORED JUNCO, Adams
(Dec. 28), Cass (Sept. 4—), Douglas
(Oct. 7—), Gage (Sept.—), Jefferson
(Oct. 17—), Lancaster (Oct. 6—),
Lincoln (Oct. 6—), McPherson (Oct.
20—), Nemaha (Dec. 30), Scottsbluff

(Nov. 23—), Webster (Sept. 25—).
OREGON JUNCO, Adams (Dec. 28),
Dawes (Oct. 21—), Douglas (Dec.
3—), Jefferson (Dec. 22—), Lancas¬
ter (Dec. 29—), Lincoln (Oct. 6—),
Scottsbluff (Nov. 23-). TREE
SPARROW, Adams (Dec. 28), Cass
(Sept. 4—), Douglas (Oct. 30—),
Gage (Sept.—), Jefferson (Oct. 21—),
Lancaster (Nov. 3—), Lincoln (Sept.
27—), McPherson (Sept. 30—), Ne¬
maha (Dec. 30), Scottsbluff (Nov.
23-), Webster (Sept. 28-). CHIP¬
PING SPARROW, Cass (-Aug. 11),
Douglas (—Aug. 10), Jefferson
(—Sept. 17), Lancaster (—Oct. 6),
Lincoln (—Nov. 20), Webster (—Oct.
23). CLAY-COLORED SPARROW,
Lincoln (Oct. 11), McPherson (Sept.
11), Scottsbluff (Sept. 15), Webster
(Aug. 30-Oct. 8),

FIELD SPARROW, Cass (-Aug.
11), Douglas (—Aug. 18), Gage
(—Oct.), Jefferson (—Sept. 30), Lan¬
caster (Oct. 6-20), Lincoln (—Nov.
9), Nemaha (Aug. 31), Webster
(Sept. 28-Oct. 31). HARRIS’ SPAR¬
ROW, Adams (Dec. 31), Cass (Nov.
19—), Dawes (Dec. 19—), Douglas'
(Oct. 1-Dec. 3), Jefferson (Oct. 3—),
Lancaster (Nov. 3—), Lincoln (Oct.
18—), McPherson (Oct. 23-Nov. 11),
Nemaha (Oct. 12—), Webster (Sept.
29-). WHITE-CROWNED SPAR¬
ROW, Adams (Dec. 15), Cass (Oct.

8) , Douglas (Oct. 7-Nov. 27), Gage
(Nov.-Dec.), Jefferson (Nov. 19-20),
Lancaster (Dec. 29), Lincoln (Oct.
6-28), McPherson (Sept. 25), Nema¬
ha (Oct. 12), Scottsbluff (Oct. 10—),
Webster (Sept. 28-Nov. 9).

WHIT E-THROATED SPARROW,
Cass (Oct. 8-Nov. 4), Douglas (Oct.
1-Dec. 23), Gage (Sept.-Dee.), Jef¬
ferson (Nov. 19-Dec. 25), Lancaster
(Oct. 6-20, Dec. 29), Lincoln (Nov.

9) , McPherson (Oct. 26), Nemaha
(Oct. 12), Scottsbluff (Oct. 17),
Webster (Oct. 2-23). FOX SPAR¬
ROW, Douglas (Sept. 23-Nov. 7),

58

Nebraska Bird Review

Jefferson (Oct. 17-Nov. 4), McPher¬
son (Sept. 27). LINCOLN’S SPAR¬
ROW, Cass (Oct. 8), Douglas (Oct.
7-Nov. 23), Lancaster (Oct. 6-20,
Dec. 21), Lincoln (Sept. 22), Webster
(Sept. 8-Nov. 12). SWAMP SPAR¬
ROW, Douglas (Dec. 4), Jefferson
(Nov. 14), Webster (Sept. 15-Oct. 8).
SONG SPARROW, Cass (July 2-
Sept. 3, Oct. 8—), Douglas (Oct.
17—), Jefferson (Sept. 28—), Lan¬

caster (Oct. 6—), Lincoln (Oct. 18-
Nov. 20), McPherson (Sept. 17), Ne¬
maha (Dec. 30), Scottsbluff (Dec.
28), Webster (Aug. 23-). LAPLAND
LONGSPUR, Jefferson (Nov. 2*),
Lincoln (Nov. 21—), Webster (Nov.
1-). CHESTNUT-COLLARED
LONGSPUR, Webster (Oct. 17-19).
SMITH’S LONGSPUR, Webster
(Nov. 13-17).

THE SIXTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING

Over 80 people attended the meet¬
ings and field trips held in and
around Ogallala May 16-17, 1964.
President R. G. Cortelyou presided
over the paper sessions which in¬
cluded the following: “Birds, Bugs,
Beasts and Territories,” by Neva
Pruess of North Platte; “Some Re¬
cent Findings in Bird Repellents,” by
Ed Hinman of Chadron; “Planting
for Birds,” by Rose Dale Fuller of
Ogallala; “Prairie Beauties,” by Ed¬
gar D. Weider of North Platte;
“Pheasant Populations in Nebras¬
ka,” by John P. Weigand; “Ap¬
parent Aberrant Behavior of a Fe¬
male Western Tanager at the Nest,”
by Doris Gates of Chadron; and
“Photoperiodism in Birds,” by C.
W. Huntley of Grant.

Richard Rodgers, Manager of the
Crescent Lake Refuge, showed pic¬
tures at the banquet and spoke on
the subject “The National Wildlife
Refuges—Investments in the Fu¬
ture.”

At the business meeting John C.
W. Bliese announced that the Ne¬
braska Academy of Sciences will
celebrate its 75th anniversary at
the meetings held the first week of
May, 1965, and he asked that the
Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union hold

a sectional meeting. The group vot¬
ed to do so.

The president announced the 1964
Fall Field Day will be held at Har¬
lan County Reservoir, and that the
date would be September 20 unless
it is necessary to change it because
of hunting season dates. He an¬
nounced the 1965 Annual Spring
Meeting will be held at Superior
the exact date to be announced
later. The invitation was extended
by Mrs. Earl Lionberger.

The Liaison Committee between
the Omaha Bird Club and The
Fontennelle Forest Association and
The Nebraska Ornitholoigsts’ Union
suggested that studies be made on
the Sage Grouse, Trumpeter Swan,
Barn Owl and Wood Duck. Methods
of increasing and re-introducing
them into areas where they have
been destroyed were discussed. The
report was referred to the Commit¬
tee on Scientific Studies. Those
making the report were Rev. Alban
J. Dachauer, S. J., James Malkow-
ski and Glenn H. LeDioyt.

An ammendment to., the by-laws
was approved as follows: ARTICLE
III, Section 3—The term of office
of all officers except the editor shall
begin at the close of activities held

Nebraska Bird Review

59

in conjunction with the annual
meeting and continue until the cor¬
responding time of the following

year. The term of office of the edi¬
tor shall begin immediately follow¬
ing completion of the volume of the
Nebraska Bird Review current at
the time of election and continue
for one year.

Elected to Honorary Membership
were Leroy M. Gates, a member
since 1913, and his daughter, Doris
Gates, a member since 1937.

Officers for the next year were
elected. President, Doris Gates of
Chadron; Vice President, Gail
Shickley of North Platte; Secretary,
Neva Pruess of North Platte; Trea¬
surer, Lee Morris of Bradshaw;
Custodian, Bertha Winter of Lin¬
coln; and Editor, R. G. Cortelyou
of Omaha. Lee Morris read a list
of 22 new members which were vot¬
ed upon and approved.

Local arrangements and prepara¬
tion of the program were in the
hands of Bill Huntley, Mrs. Herb
Fuller, Mrs. R. A. Goodall, Mrs.
Marvin Dewey, and Robert Quade.

The 60th Annual Field Day in¬
cluded three areas of the sandhills
north of Kingsley Dam and the
McConaughy Lake and environs
plus the South Platte River. Mem¬
bers met in the picnic area east of
Ogallala Lake for a lunch and the
official count. The list of 118 species
is: Western Grebe, Pied-billed

Grebe, White Pelican, Double-crest¬
ed Cormorant, Great Blue Heron,
Black-crowned Night Heron.

Mallard, Gadwall, Pintail, Green¬
winged and Blue-winged Teals,
American Widgeon, Shoveller, Les¬
ser Scaup, Common Merganser,
Turkey Vulture; Red-tailed, Swain-
son’s, Ferruginous, Marsh and Spar¬
row Hawks, Bobwhite, Ring-necked
Pheasant, American Coot.

Killdeer, Black-bellied Plover,
Long-billed Curlew, Upland Plover,
Spotted Sandpiper, Greater and
Lesser Yellowlegs; Pectoral White-
rumped, Baird’s, Stilt, and Semi-
palmated Sandpipers, Marbled God-
wit, American Avocet and Wilson’s
Phalarope.

Herring, Ring-billed, and Frank¬
lin’s Gull, Black Tern, Rock Dove,
Mourning Dove, Yellow-billed Cuc¬
koo, Great Horned and Burrowing
Owls, Chimney Swift, Belted King¬
fisher, Flicker; Red-headed, Hairy
and Downy Woodpeckers, Eastern
and Western Kingbirds, and Cas-
sin’s Kingbird, Great Crested Fly¬
catcher, Eastern and Say’s Phoebes,
Empidonax sp., Horned Lark.

Bank, Rough-winged, Barn, and
Cliff Swallows, Purple Martin, Blue
Jay, Black-billed Magpie, Common
Crow, Black-capped Chickadee;
House, Short-billed Marsh, and
Rock Wrens, Mockingbird, Catbird,
Brown Thrasher, Robin, Swainson’s
Thrush, Eastern Bluebird, Water
Pipit, Cedar Waxwing, Loggerhead
Shrike, Starling; Bell’s, Red-eyed,
and Warbling Vireos.

Yellow, Myrtle and Audubon’s
Warblers, Yellowthroat, Wilson’s
Warbler, American Redstart, House
Sparrow, Bobolink, Eastern and
Western Meadowlarks, Yellow¬
headed and Redwinged Blackbirds;
Orchard, Baltimore and Bullock’s
Orioles, Common Grackle and
Brown-headed Cowbird.

Cardinal, Blue Grosbeak, Indigo
Bunting, Dickcissel, Pine Siskin,
American Goldfinch, Rufous-sided
Towhee, Lark Bunting; Savannah,
Grasshopper, Lark, Chipping, Clay-
colored, Harris’ and White-crowned
Sparrows.

The day before (May 16) Lee
Morris and Ralph Harrington saw
a Townsend’s Warbler just east of
Kingsley Dam. It was a male in

60

Nebraska Bird Review

full plumage. Norma Radford saw
two Sandhill Cranes, a Western
Wood Pewee, Piping Plover, and
a Canada Goose on May 16. J. O.
Young and Charles Sullivan added
Horned Grebe, White-faced Ibis,

Wood Duck and Redhead, Hooded
Merganser, Greater Prairie Chick¬
en, Dowitcher. Western Sandpiper
and Long-billed Marsh Wren to the
May 16 list.

GENERAL NOTES

CHUCK-WILL’S-WIDOW AT PERU.
—June 6, 1964, a Chuck-will’s-wi-
dow was heard singing from a rath¬
er dense woods on a bluff on the
property of L. B. Mathews about a
mile east of Peru. The four syllables
which give it the name were clear¬
ly heard, and in addition, the “clap,
clap” sound was heard several
times as well as the weird sound
it makes as it flies. These are given
on the record which accompanies
Peterson’s “Field Guide to Birds.”

June 7 the bird was located again,
both times at dusk. At one point it
was seen on a post silhouetted
against the sky where it alternately
sang and caught insects. It flew out
and returned as flycatchers do. It’s
eye reflected a reddish light from a
flashlight. Probably a total of three
hours were used in following, lis¬
tening and watching the bird.
Among others who saw and heard
it were Leroy M. Gates, Ida May
Hey wood, and Alice Vernon.

The Chuck-will’s-widow is not
reported in the Revised Check-list
of Nebraska Birds (1958), and the
A.O.U. Checklist (1957) gives east¬
ern Kansas and Missouri as a part
of the breeding range, but does not
name Nebraska. — Doris Gates,
Chadron

INTERESTING BEHAVIOR OF
AN IMMATURE GREAT HORNED
OWL.—A Great Horned Owl, bare¬

ly able to fly, was housed in the
barn where it could be fed and pro¬
tected until it could maintain it¬
self. Miss Ruth Gates held and
stroked it and talked to it for many
minutes, then returned it to the
bail of hay which was its perch.
Rather than standing up as she ex¬
pected it to do, it lay on its side
seemingly “hypnotized” for two or
three seconds before assuming its
normal position. — Doris Gales,
Chadron

1963 OBSERVATIONS IN WEBS¬
TER COUNTY.—The past year was
somewhat unusual, it seemed to
me, both bird-wise and weather-
wise. Could there be a connection?
I saw five species of birds new to
me and in addition found the nest
of a pair of Upland Plovers on May
19. I think it was June 2 that the
first egg had hatched and I was
fortunate enough to see the chick
stretched out long and lying so
flat that I almost missed seeing it.
The next day a second egg had
hatched but the nest was deserted
leaving the third chick to perish
in the shell with only the point of
its bill exposed. The fourth egg was
infertile and was preserved along
with the nest for the Hastings
Museum.

The first new species for the year
was a Carolina Wren which was
noticed on April 15 as it scolded

Nebraska Bird Review

61

the cat. It was seen about the place
every day through the 20th. This
completed the wren “set” for me
although records for the others are
very few aside from the House
Wren, of course. I could add that
on Oct. 16 I had a most excellent
view of the Winter Wren here by
the house.

On May 4 a Whimbrel was noted
at close range feeding along the
shore of a farm pond. It was reluc¬
tant to fly so I did not force it and
had a very good view of its definite
identification details.

During the month of August we
had spells of unseasonably cold
weather and on the 26th as I ap¬
proached the local creek bird sounds
were so scarce when I detected an
unfamiliar call. Finally spotting the
birds I found they were bluebirds.
Checking up with the Peterson’s
Guide I found that it says for the
Western Bluebird, “Also a hard
chattering note.” Then a few days
later in the clear sunshine (it was
clouded the other time) and with
the light in my favor, I could dis¬
tinctly see the brown patch across
the back of one of a group when
in flight.

As stated above, there was some
unusually cool weather during Au¬
gust and on the 3rd I spotted a Wil¬
son’s Warbler feeding among willow
saplings along the creek bank.
These were observed in my yard
at intervals during the month and
also were present later than I had
recorded them before—to Oct. 24.

In contrast, the weather turned
unseasonably warm the latter part
of March and I recorded the Grass¬
hopper Sparrow for the first time
late in that month. In checking
back I find that observers at Red
Cloud reported this species as ar¬
riving during the month of March.

Oct. 31 brought another first for
me—the Common Redpoll. I was
fortunate enough again to get the
definite details of identification.
There seemed to be two and they
were there until Nov. 1 or 2.

The surprise of the year for me,
however, was the unusual viewing
of the Boreal Owl in my barn on
Dec. 16. This was already published
in the January, 1964, Review.—
Harold Turner, Holstein

BALD EAGLES.—I observed one
Bald Eagle in Arthur County just
north (about two miles) of the town
of Arthur on the morning of Jan.
10, 1964.—Glenn LeDioyt, Omaha

One Bald Eagle was seen each of
the following days at the following
places: Jan. 16 (1964) 20 miles south
and five miles east of Rushville on
Pine Creek; Jan. 31, 15 miles north
of Oelrichs, So. Dak.; Febr. 4, 14
miles southeast of Rushville on the
Niobrara River and another 17 miles
southeast of Rushville on the Nio¬
brara; Febr. 7, 14 miles southeast
of Rushville on the Niobrara.—
Leonard McDaniel, Rushville

Febr. 16, 1964 on a 100 mile trip
between Kearney and Darr, Nebr.,
along the south side of the Platte
River, the following Bald Eagles
were seen: 9 adults, 12 immatures,
and 3 unidentified making a total
of 24 eagles.—John C. W. Bliese,
George W. Brown, Gary and Randy
Brown and Ronnie Marrow, Kear¬
ney

I saw three Bald Eagles north of
here where I always find them.
There could be more. These were
all adults.—Lee Morris, Bradshaw

Lee Morris and I drove down to
Mound City, Mo., for the weekend
of Febr. 1-2, 1964. It was a beauti¬
ful day. From the high ridge we
could see the wooded hills on our
left and the thousands of acres of
marsh and lake on the right. There

62

Nebraska Bird Review

were Bald Eagles everywhere. What
a sight!—Ralph Harrington, Lincoln

ALBINOS—There were several
reports of albinos this past year.
Joyce Brashear of Scottsbluff writes,
“In February I discovered a white
Killdeer east of Scottsbluff along
the highway. At first I thought I
had some rare shore bird. I see it
each day with the other Killdeers.”
(dated March 28, 1964)

Miss Doris Gates and members of
her ornithology class saw a very
pale Killdeer at the Valentine Wild¬
life Refuge May 9. The color pat¬
tern was still quite definite, how¬
ever.

Glenn LeDioyt of Omaha says, “I
saw a partial albino Starling about
six miles northeast of Lexington on
Dec. 20, 1963. The two or three
outer tail feathers were pure white.
Also there was a large white
splotch on its rump.

Miss Carrie Ludden writes of a
lone Whooping Crane with a large
group of Sandhill Cranes in the
vicinity of Kearney on March 23,
1964. Since this date is earlier than
the reported departure date of the
Whooping Cranes from the south,
it is just possible that it was an
albino Sandhill Crane.

KNOTS IN LINCOLN COUNTY.
—On the north shore of Lake Ma¬
loney, below the dam, is a low area
that is often muddy and sometimes
contains a large puddle of water if
the weather has been sufficiently
wet. When this happens, it is a
popular gathering and feeding place
for the shore birds and pond ducks.

As I approached this area on
November 1, 1963, I could see two
birds that were somewhat larger
and a lighter gray than any birds
that I had observed there during
the preceding weeks. When I focus¬
ed my binocular on the birds I did
not recognize them, but I used my

Peterson’s Field Guide to the West¬
ern Birds to identify them as Knots
(Caladris canutus) in fall plumage.
This identification was based on
size, color, length and shape of bill,
and the greenish legs.

Knowing that the Knot would be
a rare bird in this area, I drove to
the home of Mrs. Catherine Vieh-
meyer and took her with me to con¬
firm the identification. By examin¬
ing the birds through her binocular
and consulting both her Peterson’s
guide and the National Geographic
Book of Birds, Mrs. Viehmeyer also
concluded the birds were Knots in
fall plumage.

After I returned home I consult¬
ed the Revised Check List of Ne¬
braska Birds (Rapp, et al; 1958) and
learned that the Knot is even rarer
in Nebraska than I had thought. I
decided to return to the lake with
my camera and try to photograph
the birds. On this trip I took Mrs.
Edith McIntosh of North Platte. She
also saw the birds and identified
them.

There was no cover anywhere
near the birds, and in order to take
a picture I had to walk toward them
over completely open ground. The
birds did not fly, but kept running
ahead of me at a distance too far
to show the birds in a picture as
clearly as I would have liked. When
I stopped, the birds stopped, also,
and turned their backs toward me.
The color of their backs was so
nearly the same as that of partially
dried surface of the mud that this
maneuver made the birds almost
invisible. Eventually, I waited un¬
til one of the birds turned to give
me a side view and took a picture,
even though I knew the distance
was too great for a really good pic¬
ture. I did not succeed in getting
any closer to them for another shot.

Nebraska Bird Review

63

The color slide seemed to be of
little value in confirming the
identification of the birds, but rath¬
er than discard it completely I sent
it to Dr. Mary Tremaine in Omaha.
During her years on the east coast
Dr. Tremaine had specialized in the
study of shore birds, and I wanted
to know if she found any charac¬
teristics that would identify the bird
in the picture. In addition to view¬
ing the color slide, Dr. Tremaine
made an enlarged black and white
print from the slide. On this print
the features, other than color, were
more prominent than on the origi¬
nal slide. In her reply Dr. Tremaine
wrote: “I think your bird was a

Knot. I have seen many of them in
all plumages.—the bill is not typi¬
cally plover—it is a little too long
and sharp for plover. A Black-
bellied Plover in fall plumage al¬
ways looks very mottled, not
smooth gray and white as your bird
looks. This kind of smooth gray
pattern is typical of the Knot—in
fall plumage.”

On this accumulated evidence it
would seem quite certain that the
birds observed were Knots. So far
as I have been able to determine, it
is the first time the Knot has been
reported this far west in Nebraska.

—Gail Shickley, North Platte

EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS

“I have been feeding four im¬
mature Harris’ Sparrows at my
feeder this year along with Oregon
and Slate-colored Juncos and the
House Sparrows. I think the House
Sparrows are kind of a pest at
times but am really not in favor
of an extermination program. They
eat lots of insects as well as weed
seeds including dandelion seeds
and are good scouts to lead the
other birds to my feeders.”—Mrs.
E. C. Logan, Ainsworth

‘‘There are quite a lot of Towhees
wintering here this winter (1963-64)
and also lots of Red-breasted Nut¬
hatches. I still can’t find a Soliatire,
though, for the second straight year.
I saw an adult White-throated Spar¬
row and several immature White-
crowned Sparrows and a flock of
Crossbills.”—Lee Morris, Bradshaw
“I made quite a study of Purple
Martins last summer (1963) and saw
some interesting things. The biggest
problem at first is the Starlings and
House Sparrows. Their nests must

be destroyed as soon as eggs are
laid or they will take over. Once
they are discouraged and the mar¬
tins begin laying eggs in every
compartment, they refuse to be dri¬
ven out. I finally succeeded in get¬
ting the martins in all of the 14
compartments and raised young in
11 of these. The biggest problem
was the young falling from the box
before they were ready to fly. I as¬
sume this results from too hot
weather. I think I’ll try painting
the roof with aluminum paint to
shed the sun’s rays and drilling
small holes in the partitions to pro¬
vide more ventilation.

“I have had a pair of Red-breast¬
ed Nuthatches feeding daily at the
suet bag on the tree outside the
kitchen window since Jan. 16. They
take bits of it and stick it in the
bark and sometimes take it away.
I had never before this winter seen
any kind of a nuthatch in the yard.

“Jan. 18 Mr. and Mrs. George
Keim and I were birding along the

Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc.
Chadron State College
Chadron, Nebraska
Return Requested

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creek in Pioneer’s Park when a
Great Blue Heron seemed to be fly¬
ing toward us with a Red-tailed
Hawk in pursuit. I thought he
would fly right into our glasses
when he suddenly veered the other
way. We flushed him again later.
I haven’t seen him since that date.

“Febr. 3 in Antelope Park there
was the biggest flock of Cedar
Waxwings I had ever seen—at least
100—feeding on the fallen crab
apples. There were several Robins
and Blue Jays with them. We saw
one Bohemian Waxwing with a
small flock of Cedar Waxwings later
in the day in Wyuka Cemetary.”—
Ralph Harrington, Lincoln

“Thought you would be interested
in knowing that we saw a Snowy
Owl about 20 miles north of Lin¬
coln on Highway 77 last evening
(Jan. 22, 1964) about 6:00 P.M. It
was feeding and we watched for
about 15 minutes while it was land¬
ing in the field and on a telephone
pole.”—George W. Keim, Lincoln
“You might be interested in the
use of feeders in my yard this win¬
ter. One snowy day on one table a
Robin, two Cardinals, a junco, six
nuthatches, both kinds, all were
eating at once. Through the cold
there were grackles and Starlings,
a Blue Jay, and three Cardinals

stayed all winter. One Black-headed
Grosbeak, a chickadee and the
flickers, Downy and Hairy Wood¬
peckers were here all winter. One
Golden-crowned Kinglet and a few
Cedar Waxwings were here. Early
in the fall a group of Central Power
men were working in the east end
of town when waxwings by the
hundreds landed in the trees and
on the wires. They thought they
were so pretty they wanted to know
their names so they called me. But
the birds were gone in a very short
time.”—Carrie E. Ludden, Kearney

“The Mountain Bluebirds have
been seen by many this past week,
(letter dated March 28, 1964) They
have come through in large flocks.
The Robins swooped in and were
forced down by the storm early
last week. I saw many along the
side of the highway and later some
of the alfalfa fields seemed to be
covered with them.

“This week I discovered pipits
associating with the Killdeers in
the shallow seep ponds along the
side of the highway (between Mel-
beta and Seottsbluff). I have stop¬
ped and watched them three dif¬
ferent times. Was amazed to see
them wading in the water and over
melting snow.”—Joyce Brashear,
Seottsbluff

University of Nebraska - Lincoln

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10-1964

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WHOLE ISSUE.

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Nebraska Bird Review (October 1965) 33(4), WHOLE ISSUE.
Copyright 1965, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union. Used by permission.

The Nebraska Bird Review

A Magazine of Ornithology of the Nebraska Region

VOLUME XXXII OCTOBER, 1964 NUMBER 4

Published by the

NEBRASKA ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, INC.

Founded 1899

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Thirty-ninth Annual Cooperative Spring Migration

and Occurrence Report ........ 66

Apparent Local Differences in the Calls of the

Acadian Flycatchers .......„........ 82

General Notes .... 83

George E. Blineo 1879-1964 ..^....... 84

Excerpts from Letters ..... 84

Index of Volume XXXII ... 86

Published quarterly in January, April, July, and October by the Nebraska
Ornithologists’ Union as its official journal and sent free to all members who
are not in arrears for dues. Subscriptions at $3.50 per volume in the United
States and $3.75 in all countries, payable in advance. Single numbers,
$1.00 each. All dues and subscriptions should be remitted to the Treasurer,
Lee Morris, Bradshaw, Nebraska. Orders for back numbers should be sent to
the Custodian, Miss Bertha Winter, University of Nebraska State Museum,
Lincoln, Nebraska. All manuscripts for publication should be sent to the Edi¬
tor, Doris Gates, Nebraska State Teachers College, Chadron, Nebraska.

66

Nebraska Bird Review

THIRTY-NINTH ANNUAL COOPERATIVE SPRING
MIGRATION AND OCCURRENCE REPORT

Compiled by Doris Gales

Once more the cooperators are
to be commended for their reports.
Errors still may be reduced if all
members avail themselves of the
“Revised Check-list of Nebraska
Birds.”* This gives one a better un¬
derstanding of a bird’s status as to
summer, winter or permanent resi¬
dent, and known range within the
state. If each cooperator read the
comments preceeding the reports of
former years, he might avoid some
common mistakes.

As before, single dates indicate
the first date a bird was seen.
Date-S indicates a summer resident,
while W-date means the bird was
there through the winter and the
date is when it was last seen. Ex¬
amples can be noted under nut¬
hatches or blackbirds in the follow¬
ing list. (P) stands for permanent
or that the bird may be seen at; any
time of the year. A single date with
an asterisk (*) means the bird was
seen only once.

1964 reporters, their locations and
comments are:

1. Adams (142) Hastings—Mrs. A.
M. Jones for the Brooking Bird
Club.

2. Brown (116) Ainsworth—Mrs.
E. C. Logan and Edith Hurlbutt.

3. Cass (144) Plattsmouth—Mrs.
Gertrude Wood and Mrs. Lorene
Heineman. The Snowy Owl was
seen at the Plattsmouth Game Re¬
fuge and was later found dead. It
was a female. Other things seen at
the refuge were the Water Pipits
(approximately 200), Black-throated
Blue Warbler and Parula Warbler.
Mrs. Wood states that a Cedar Wax¬

wing nested in her yard again this
summer.

4. Dawes (110) Chadron—Doris
Gates and Leta Neeland.

5. Douglas (193) Omaha—R. G.
Cortelyou, Laurence K n o w 1 e s,
Glenn LeDioyt, Leon Powell, Eliza¬
beth Appleby, James O’Neil, Mrs.
S. A. Perkins, Mrs. Margaret Paul,
Roger Sharpe, Mrs. Howard Holm¬
gren, W. A. Ruge, James Malkow-
ski and Carl Swanson. The Surf
Scoter was seen with a 20x scope
in the open on Carter Lake not over
50 yards away. It had no white
spot on the forehead which, Kort-
right says, makes it a yearling
male. The Common Gallinule, ac¬
cording to Glenn LeDioyt, was pick¬
ed up at 72 and Military with no
apparent physical damage but ap¬
parently unable to stand. It was
taken to a bird shop for care.

6. Gage (124) Beatrice—Vera An¬
derson. Included in the Gage County
list is the report by Glen and Wan¬
da Hoge who lived at Powell north¬
west of Fairbury but in Jefferson
County. The Hoges have moved to
Washington.

7. Hamilton (110) Aurora—Mrs.
Kermit S. Swanson. “On March 15
while fishing near Hordville Mr.
Swanson and I saw three Black
Vultures. There was no mistaking
the white wing tips and short
squarish tail. These birds are not
strangers to us since we saw many
of them when we were in the south
two years ago and again this year.”
There was one family of Redheads
near the cabin in June. Two Mourn¬
ing Doves overwintered. Blue Jays
appeared in numbers on April 23.

*Send a dollar to the Custodain, Miss Bertha Winter, University of Nebraska Museum,
Lincoln.

Nebraska Bird Review

67

8. Harlan (85) Stamford—Mrs.
John Dankers. “The Lark Bunting
migration was much heavier than
usual. Quite a few remained to nest
which is unusual for this area.”

9. Keith (172) Grant—C. W. Hunt-
ley, Dean Elsen, Roger Armstrong,
R. “Dick” Leonard, and Wayne Wil¬
son. All May 17 dates were from
the annual NOU Spring Field Day.
This report also includes observa¬
tions from Perkins County.

10. Lancaster (128) L i n c o 1 n—
Ralph Harrington and other mem¬
bers of the Audubon Naturalists
Club. “The Stilt Sandpiper seems
out of line to me (June 14) but
that’s when I saw it. I thought it
may have been shot, preventing its
flight north. I have seen other in¬
jured birds there. The Keims re¬
ported seeing lots of Lark Buntings
in the Waverly area on May 31.”

11. Lincoln (186) North Platte—
Mr. and Mrs. Glenn Viehmeyer, Mrs.
Kenneth Pruess, Margaret Morton,
Mrs. Walter Nielsen, and Mrs. Gail
Shickley. The Virginia’s Warblers
were first seen at the Fish Hatchery
and two days later they were seen
at the same place. Gail Shickley
says they nest in the mountains near
her summer home and she is fami¬
liar with them but had never seen
them at North Platte before. Cedar
Waxwings nested in Fort McPher¬
son National Cemetery last year and
Mrs. Nielsen had the adults feed¬
ing young in their yard in town
this summer. For the last three win¬
ters a Great Blue Heron has been
seen along the Platte River, at the
Diversion Dam and along Fremont
Creek. Here the water is warm and
never freezes.

Mrs. Morris Cox of Hershey also
contributes to the Lincoln County
list.

12. Logan (138) Stapleton—Earl
and Rose Glandon. The Solitary

Vireo was apparently a summer
resident this year. The Yellow-bel¬
lied Sapsucker and Ruddy Turn¬
stones were new records for Logan
County. (See General Notes)

13. Merrick (61) Central City—
Mrs. Rexford Ferris. The Lark
Buntings were unusual in Merrick
County. These are the first observed
in several years. They were in
flocks of 12-15. Upland Plovers were
more numerous than last year.

14. Nemaha (119) Peru, Auburn
and Brownville—Mr. and Mrs. L.
M. Gates, Ruth Wensien, Mrs. B.
F. Mowery, Ida May Heywood,
Alice Vernon, J. H. Alden, and
Charles Wright.

15. Platte (121) Columbus—Mrs.
John R. Armstrong.

16. Scotts Bluff (159) Scottsbluff
—Mr. and Mrs. Harry Banghart,
Mrs. Jack Brashear, Mrs. Alvin
Vance, Mr. and Mrs. Roy Witschy,
Mr. and Mrs. S. Young, and Doris
Gates.

17. Webster (121) Holstein—
Harold Turner. This is from the
Bladen-Holstein area. The migra¬
tion of Flickers seemed to start
about March 1. Otherwise they were
around almost any time. Pine Sis¬
kins were seen rather rarely—once
in January, then several times in
March, and once in May. Always
one at a time.

LOONS and GREBES

COMMON LOON, Dawes (May 8-
19), Keith (Apr. 11). HORNED
GREBE, Adams (May 9), Keith
(Mar. 28), Lincoln (Mar. 23-May 14).
EARED GREBE, Adams (Apr. 23-
May 9), Cass (Apr. 15), Dawes (Apr.
18), Douglas (Mar. 14-Apr. 21),

Keith (Apr. 15), Lincoln (Mar. 17-
May 10), Logan (Apr. 19*), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 18). WESTERN GREBE,
Brown (Apr. 12), Douglas (before

68

Nebraska Bird Review

Apr. 10), Keith (Apr. 17), Lincoln
(May 10), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26).
PIED-BILLED GREBE, Adams
(Mar. 23-S), Cass (Apr. 6), Douglas
(Mar. 5-Apr. 25), Gage (Mar. 3-S),
Hamilton (Mar. 14), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (Apr. 11), Lincoln (Apr.
5-May 10), Logan (Apr. 19), Nema¬
ha (Apr. 10), Scotts Bluff (May 23).

PELICANS and CORMORANTS

WHITE PELICAN, Adams (Apr. 21-
June 4), Brown (May 23), Cass (Apr.
20), Douglas (Apr. 2-May 2), Har¬
lan (May 3-June 30), Keith (Apr.
11), Lincoln (Apr. 11-May 10), Lo¬
gan (Apr. 9), Platte (May 7-25),
Scotts Bluff (June 28), DOUBLE-
CRESTED CORMORANT, Cass
(Apr. 5), Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas
(Apr. 2-11), Keith (Apr. 18), Lin¬
coln (Apr. 5-June 22), Logan (Apr.
26*), Platte (June 14), Scotts Bluff
(May 23-June 30).

HERONS

GREAT BLUE HERON, Brown
(May 5), Cass (Apr. 5-S), Douglas
(Mar. 30-S), Gage (Mar. 10-S),
Hamilton (May 14), Keith (Mar. 28),
Lancaster (Jan. 18), Lincoln (Mar.
14-S), Logan (Mar. 31-S), Nemaha
(Apr. 30-May 10), Platte (May 10-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 18-June 30).
GREEN HERON, Adams (Apr.
22-S), Cass (Apr. 30-S), Douglas
(Apr. 25-S), Gage (Apr. 16-S), Keith
(May 3), Lincoln (May 10-S), Platte
(May 10-S). LITTLE BLUE HERON,
Gage (Apr. 16-May 1). COMMON
EGRET, Cass (June 29), Douglas
(before Apr. 10). SNOWY EGRET,
Lincoln (May 10), Platte (May 30).
BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HER¬
ON, Dawes (Apr. 26), Douglas (Apr.
29), Keith (May 17), Lancaster (May
10), Lincoln (Apr. 19-S), Platte
(Apr. 12-20), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 19-
S), Webster (May 1*). YELLOW-
CROWNED NIGHT HERON, Doug¬
las (May 2), Lancaster (June 7),

LEAST BITTERN, Douglas (May
7-S). AMERICAN BITTERN, Brown
(June 2-S), Douglas (June 10-S),
Keith (May 3), Lincoln (May 10-S),
Logan (May 17-S).

IBISES

WHITE-FACED IBIS, Lincoln (Apr.
26*).

SWANS, GEESE and DUCKS

CANADA GOOSE, Adams (Mar. 7),
Cass (Feb. 6), Dawes (Apr. 18),
Douglas (Jan. 5-Apr. 12), Gage
(Mar. 1-Apr. 12), Hamilton (Feb.

27) , Keith (Jan. 27), Lancaster (Mar.
1-29), Lincoln (Jan. 27-S), Logan
(Apr. 1), Nemaha (Mar. 6), Platte
(Mar. 15-26), Scotts Bluff (Jan. 1-
May 3), Webster (Feb. 17 and Mar.
10-29). WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE,
Adams (Apr. 6), Cass (Mar. 16),
Douglas (Jan. 5-Mar. 14), Gage
(Mar. 9-Apr. 10), Hamilton (Mar.
8), Lincoln (Mar. 12), Nemaha (Mar.
23), Platte (Mar. 15-May 3), SNOW
GOOSE, Adams (Mar. 22), Cass
(Jan. 30), Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas
(Jan. 5-May 2), Gage (Mar. 9-Apr.
12), Hamilton (Mar. 15), Keith (Mar.

28) , Lincoln (Mar. 12-Apr. 6), Ne¬
maha (Jan. 2), Platte (Mar. 15-May

5) . BLUE GOOSE, Adams (Mar. 29),
Cass (Jan. 30), Douglas (Jan. 5- May
2), Gage (Mar. 9-21), Hamilton (Mar.
15), Nemaha (Jan. 2), Platte (Mar.
15-May 5).

MALLARD, Adams (Mar. 2), Brown
(May 23), Cass (P), Douglas (Jan.
5-S), Gage (P), Hamilton (Feb. 27),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (P), Lin¬
coln (P), Logan (P), Nemaha (Mar.

6) . Platte (P), Scotts Bluff (P),
Webster (Feb. 29-June 15). GAD-
WALL, Adams (Mar. 8-S), Douglas
(Mar. 12-May 7), Gage (Mar. 12-30),
Keith (Mar. 7), Lincoln (Mar. 1-May
10), Logan (Mar. 28), Nemaha (Mar.
23), Platte (Mar. 15-20), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 18-May 10). PINTAIL, Adams
(Mar. 2-June 1), Cass (Apr. 5),

Nebraska Bird Review

69

Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas (Feb. 29-
Apr. 27), Gage (Feb. 18-Apr. 12),
Hamilton (Febr. 27), Harlan (Mar.
23-S), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster
(Mar. 14-Apr. 5), Lincoln (Jan. 24-
May 10), Logan (Mar. 16-S), Platte
(Mar. 15-S), Scotts Bluff (Feb. 29-S),
Webster (Apr. 5*). GREEN-WING¬
ED TEAL, Adams (Apr. 7), Cass
(Mar. 16), Dawes (Apr. 18), Doug¬
las (Apr. 2-11), Gage (Mar. 9-Apr.
12), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (Mar.
28-Apr. 5), Lincoln (Mar. 7-May 10),
Logan (Mar. 28), Nemaha (Mar. 31),
Platte (Mar. 31-S), Scotts Bluff
(Mar. 20-May 23), Webster (Mar.
25-Apr. 18). BLUE-WINGED TEAL,
Adams (Mar. 9-May 9), Brown (May
23), Cass (P), Douglas (Mar. 14-S),
Gage (Mar. 9-S), Hamilton (Mar. 15),
Harlan (Apr. 10-S), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (Mar. 29-S), Lincoln (Mar.
22-S), Logan (Apr. 18-S), Nemaha
(Mar. 31), Platte (Mar. 31-S), Scotts
Bluff (Feb. 5-May 30), Webster
(Apr. 19-May 16). CINNAMON
TEAL, Gage (Apr. 2), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 14-May 23).

AMERICAN WIDGEON, Adams
(Mar. 8-May 9), Cass (Mar. 16),
Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas (Mar.
12-May 7), Gage (Mar. 1-30),
Hamilton (Mar. 29), Keith
(Mar. 8), Lancaster (Mar. 14-
29), Lincoln (Mar. 8-May 10),
AMERICAN WIDEON, Adams (Mar.
8-May 9), Cass (Mar. 16), Dawes
(Apr. 18), Douglas (Mar. 12-May 7),
Gage (Mar. 1-30), Hamilton (Mar.
29), Keith (Mar. 8), Lancaster (Mar.
14-29), Lincoln (Mar. 8-May 10),
Cass (Apr. 1), Dawes (Apr. 18),
Douglas (Mar. 12- May 7), Gage
(Mar. 11-S), Hamilton (Mar. 22),
Harlan ( Apr. 1-S), Keith (Mar. 21),
Lancaster (Mar. 15-April 12), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 7-May 10), Logan (Apr.
16-S), Nemaha (Mar. 23), Platte
(Mar. 31-S), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 22-
May 23), Webster (Mar. 25-Apr. 15).

WOOD DUCK, Cass (Apr. 28), Doug¬
las (Mar. 12-S), Keith (Apr. 18),
Nemaha (Mar. 23), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 18). REDHEAD, Adams (Mar.
8-S), Cass (Mar. 16), Douglas (Mar.
12-Apr. 27), Gage (Mar. 3-Apr. 12),
Hamilton (Mar. 14-S), Keith (Mar.
7), Lancaster (Mar. 29-Apr. 11),

Lincoln (Mar. 1-Apr. 22), Logan
(Mar. 15), Nemaha (Apr. 10), Platte
(Mar. 15-S), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 12-
May 23), RING-NECKED DUCK,
Adams (Mar. 8-Apr. 14), Cass (Apr.
5), Dawes (May 8), Douglas (Mar.
5-Apr. 4), Gage (Mar. 9-30), Hamil¬
ton (Mar. 14), Keith (Mar. 7), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 7-May 14), Logan (Mar.
28), Nemaha (Mar. 30), Platte (Mar.
31), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 26). CAN-
VASBACK, Adams (Mar. 8-S), Cass
(Mar. 16), Douglas (Mar. 14-Apr.
11), Gage (Mar. 12-Apr. 12), Hamil¬
ton (May 1), Keith (Mar. 8), Lan¬
caster (Mar. 29), Lincoln (Mar. 8-
May 10), Logan (Mar. 28), Platte
(Apr. 10). GREATER SCRAUP,
Keith (Apr. 14). LESSER SCAUP,
Adams (Feb. 6-May 9), Cass (Mar.
16), Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas (Mar.
12-May 7), Gage (Mar. 8-30), Hamil¬
ton (Mar. 14), Keith (Mar. 7), Lan¬
caster (Mar. 15-Apr. 12), Lincoln
(Mar. 1-May 14), Logan (Mar. 28),
Nemaha (Mar. 30), Platte (Mar. 15-
May 5), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 12-May
9). COMMON GOLDENEYE, Adams
(Mar. 16), Cass (Apr. 5), Douglas
(Mar. 5-Apr. 13), Hamilton (Mar.
14), Keith (Jan. 1), Lincoln (Jan.
15-Apr. 26), Scotts Bluff (Jan. 19-
Mar. 28). BUFFLEHEAD, Adams
(Mar. 8-Apr. 23), Cass (Mar. 28),
Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas (Mar. 12-
Apr. 21), Gage (Mar. 8-25), Hamil¬
ton (Mar. 14), Keith (Apr. 9), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 17-May 14), Logan (Mar.
28), Platte (Apr. 10), Scotts Bluff
(Mar. 21-May 3), Webster (Mar. 25-
Apr. 5). SURF SCOTER, Douglas
(Apr. 21). RUDDY DUCK, Adams

70

Nebraska Bird Review

(Mar. 16-May 9), Cass (Apr. 13),
Dawes (Apr. 26), Douglas (Apr. 3-
19), Gage (Mar. 30-Apr. 12), Keith
(Mar. 28), Lancaster (Mar. 29), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 17-Apr. 26), Logan (Mar.

28) , Nemaha (Apr. 10), Platte (Mar.
31-S), Scotts Bluff (May 3). HOOD¬
ED MERGANSER, Cass (Apr. 5),
Douglas (Apr. 2-11), Gage (Mar. 9*),
Keith (Mar. 8), Scotts Bluff (Jan.
19). COMMON MERGANSER,
Adams (Mar. 16), Cass (Mar. 16),
Douglas (Jan. 21-Apr. 27), Gage
(Mar. 13-17), Hamilton (Mar. 8),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (Mar. 29),
Lincoln (Jan. 15- May 16), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 5). RED-BREASTED
MERGANSER, Douglas (Apr. 13-

29) , Scotts Bluff (Feb. 9-Mar. 17).

HAWKS

TURKEY VULTURE, Adams (Apr.
9), Brown (P), Cass (Mar. 29-S),
Dawes (Febr. 28-S), Douglas (Apr.
11-S), Keith (May 17), Lancaster
(May 21), Lincoln (Apr. 13-S), Lo¬
gan (P), Nemaha (Apr. 3-S), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 18-S). BLACK VUL¬
TURE, Hamilton (Mar. 15*). GOS¬
HAWK, Douglas (W-Mar. 2), Gage
(Jan. 3-17). SHARP-SHINNED
HAWK, Cass (Feb. 30), Dawes
(Febr. 24*), Douglas (Jan. 29*),
Gage (P), Harlan (Mar. 9), Keith
(Apr. 18), Lancaster (Jan. 18), Lo¬
gan (Febr 18), Webster (Feb. 29*).
COOPER’S HAWK, Cass (Mar. 22),
Douglas (P), Gage (P), Lancaster
(P), Lincoln (Jan. 15-May 3), Ne¬
maha (Mar. 17), Scotts Bluff (Apr.
19), Webster (P). RED-TAILED
HAWK, Adams (Mar. 28-S), Brown
(P), Cass (P), Dawes (P), Douglas
(P), Gage (P), Hamilton (Jan. 8),
Harlan (P), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancas¬
ter (P), Lincoln (W-Apr. 26), Logan
(Mar. 28-S), Nemaha (P), Scotts
Bluff (Mar. 28-S), Webster (P).
RED-SHOULDERED HAWK, Doug¬
las (P), Gage (Mar. 15-Apr. 12),
SWAINSON’S HAWK, Adams (Mar.

23-S), Keith (Apr. 22), Lincoln (Apr.
7-S), Logan (June 25-S), Merrick
(June 8-30), Platte (May 24-S),
Scotts Bluff (June 20), Webster
(Apr. 12-S). BROAD-WI N G E D
HAWK, Cass (Feb. 30), Douglas
(Apr. 22-S).

ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK, Brown
(Jan. 1), Cass (Feb. 30), Douglas
(Apr. 4), Gage (W-Apr. 12), Keith
(Jan. 12), Lancaster (W-Apr. 5),
Lincoln (W-Mar. 31), Logan (W),
Nemaha (W), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 22),
Webster (W-Mar. 25). FERRUGI¬
NOUS HAWK, Gage (Jan. 17*),
Keith (May 17), Lincoln (Jan. 1*),
Scotts Bluff (May 23-June 21),
Webster (Mar. 31*). GOLDEN
EAGLE, Dawes (P), Keith (Jan. 1),
Lincoln (Jan. 8-Apr. 8), Scotts
Bluff (P), Webster (Mar. 4-9). BALD
EAGLE, Dawes (Mar. 21*), Douglas
(Feb. 23*), Hamilton (Jan. 8), Har¬
lan (Mar. 30), Keith (Feb. 1), Lin¬
coln (W-Apr. 2), Logan (W), Mer¬
rick (Jan. 15-Mar. 21), Scotts Bluff
(Jan. 18), Webster (Mar. 17-Apr. 13).
MARSH HAWK, throughout the
state (P). OSPREY, Brown (June
28*), Cass (Apr. 16), Douglas (Apr.
21-29), Hamilton (Mar. 2), Lincoln
(May 2*), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 20-May
3). PRAIRIE FALCON, Brown (P),
Dawes (Feb. 22-S), Lincoln (Jan. 26-
May 16), Logan (Jan. 1), Scotts
Bluff (May 2), Webster (Feb, 13*).
PEREGRINE FALCON, Douglas
(Apr. 6), Lincoln (Jan. 1- Mar. 15).
PIGEON HAWK, Douglas (Feb.
22*), Gage (Feb. 19-Mar. 15), Lin¬
coln (Jan. 1-Mar. 31). SPARROW
HAWK, Adams (Mar. 10-S), Brown
(P), Cass (Feb. 30-S), Dawes (P),
Douglas (P), Gage (P), Hamilton
(Jan. 8), Harlan (P), Keith (Jan. 5),
Lancaster (P), Lincoln (P), Logan
(P), Merrick (P), Nemaha (P), Platte
(P), Scotts Bluff (P), Webster (P).

GALLINACEOUS BIRDS
GREATER PRAIRIE CHICKEN, (P)

Nebraska Bird Review

71

in Brown, Gage, Keith, Lincoln,
Logan, and Merrick. SHARP-TAIL¬
ED GROUSE, (P) in Brown, Dawes,
Keith, Lincoln, Logan, and Scotts
Bluff. BOBWHITE, (P) in Adams,
Brown, Cass, Douglas, Gage, Hamil¬
ton, Harlan, Keith, Lancaster, Lin¬
coln, Logan, Merrick, Nemaha,
Platte, Scotts Bluff and Webster.
RING-NECKED PHEASANT, (P)
throughout the state. GRAY PART¬
RIDGE, Douglas (Mar. 31*). TUR¬
KEY, (P) in Brown, Dawes, Hamil¬
ton, Lincoln, and Scotts Bluff.

CRANES and RAILS
SANDHILL CRANE, Adams (Mar.
1-Apr. 5), Hamilton (Feb. 27), Har¬
lan (Mar. 10), Keith (Mar. 14), Lin¬
coln (Feb. 14- Apr. 22), Logan (Feb.
29), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 2), Webster
(Mar. 1-Apr. 7). SORA, Douglas
(Apr. 29-S). COMMON GALLI-
NULE, Douglas (Apr. 26*). AMERI¬
CAN COOT, Adams (Mar. 9), Brown
(Mar. 30), Cass (Mar. 28), Douglas
(Mar. 12-S), Gage (Mar. 4-Apr. 12),
Hamilton (Mar. 29-S), Keith (Mar.
8), Lancaster (Mar. 29-May 20), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 1-S), Logan (Mar. 28-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 5), Platte (Apr. 12-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 18-May 23).

SHORE BIRDS

SEMIPALMATED PLOVER, Brown
(Apr. 25), Platte (May 3-12), Scotts
Bluff (May 4-23). SNOWY PLOV¬
ER, Lincoln (Apr. 6). KILLDEER,
Adams (Mar. 31-S), Brown (Mar.
20-S), Cass (Mar. 28-S), Dawes
(Mar. 22-S), Uouglas (Mar. 14-S),
Gage (Mar. 2-S), Hamilton (Mar.
14), Harlan (Jan. 1; Mar. 14-S),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (Mar. 29-
S), Lincoln (Mar. 2-S), Logan (Apr.
1-S), Merrick (Mar. 4-S), Nemaha
(Mar. 23-S), Platte (Mar. 15-S),
Scotts Bluff (Jan. 18-S), Webster
(Mar. 2-S). AMERICAN GOLDEN
PLOVER, Keith (May 23). BLACK-
BELLIED PLOVER, Douglas (Apr.
13*), Keith (May 17), Logan (June

13*), Platte (May 7), Scotts ©luff
(May 12). RUDDY TURNSTONE,
Logan (May 10*). COMMON SNIPE,
Cass (May 2), Douglas (Apr. 11-29),
Hamilton (May 3), Keith (Jan. 1),
Lancaster (Jan. 11-Apr. 12), Lincoln
(Apr. 19), Logan (Apr. 10), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 14). LONG-BILLED
CURLEW, Brown (Apr. 6-S), Dawes
(Apr. 18-S), Keith (Apr. 11), Lin¬
coln (Mar. 31-S), Logan (Apr. 12-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 18-S). WHIM-
BREL, Lincoln (May 10). UPLAND
PLOVER, Brown (Apr. 15-S),
Dawes (May 1-S), Gage (May 12-S),
Keith (May 17), Lincoln (Apr. 10-
S), Logan (May 10-S), Merrick (May
6-S), Platte (May 6-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 8-S), Webster (Apr. 24-S).
SPOTTED SANDPIPER, Adams
(Apr. 30-May 9), Brown (Apr. 15),
Cass (Apr. 14), Dawes (Apr. 26-S),
Douglas (Apr. 29-May 10), Hamil¬
ton (May 6), Keith (Apr. 25), Lan¬
caster (May 20-S), Lincoln (May 3-
24), Logan (May 10-S), Platte (May
3-S), Scotts Bluff (May 10-23).
SOLITARY SANDPIPER, Adams
(May 9), Douglas (Apr. 21-May 10),
Lincoln (Apr. 19-May 10), Platte
(May 16), Webster (May 10-June
5). WILLET, Adams (Apr. 23), Keith
(Apr. 18), Lincoln (Apr. 24-May 3),
Nemaha (May 7), Platte (May 7),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26-30), GREATER
YELLOWLEGS, Douglas (Apr. 23),
Hamilton (Apr. 18), Keith (Mar.
29), Lancaster (Apr. 5-12), Lincoln
(Apr. 9-May 10), Nemaha (Apr. 30),
Platte (May 6-15), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 28), Webster (Apr. 23-24).
LESSER YELLOWLEGS, Adams
(Apr. 23), Cass (Apr. 14), Douglas
*Apr. 27-May 12), Gage (May 20-26),
Hamilton (May 1), Keith (Apr. 26),
Lancaster (Apr. 12), Lincoln (Apr.
9-May 10), Logan (Apr. 16), Platte
(May 2-16), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 28),
Webster (Apr. 25*). PECTORAL
SANDPIPER, Adams (Apr. 23),

72

Nebraska Bird Review

Douglas (May 10-12), Keith (May
17), Lincoln (Mar. 31-Apr. 25), Ne¬
maha (Mar. 31), Platte (May 9).
WHIT E-RUMPED SANDPIPER,
Douglas (May 10-12), Keith (May
17), Lincoln (Apr. 25*), Platte (May
16). BAIRD’S SANDPIPER, Adams
(Mar. 23), Cass (Apr. 12), Douglas
(Apr. 29-May 12), Keith (Mar. 28),
Lancaster (Apr. 5-11), Lincoln (Mar.
31-May 16), Logan (May 10*), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 8-May 12), Webster (Apr.
4-7). LEAST SANDPIPER, Adams
(Apr. 29), Brown (Apr. 25), Cass
(Apr. 28), Douglas (May 7-12), Gage
(May 20-26), Keith (Apr. 26), Lin¬
coln (Apr. 26-May 10), Logan (May
10*), Platte (May 2-16), Scotts Bluff
(May 2-12). DOWITCHER, Adams
(May 7-13), Brown (May 23), Keith
(May 13), Lincoln (May 1-10), Lo¬
gan (Apr. 18), Nemaha (Apr. 10),
Platte (May 7), Scotts Bluff (Apr.
17-28). STILT SANDPIPER, Adams
(May 11-13), Douglas (May 7-
12), Keith (May 17), Lancaster
(June 14), Lincoln (May 3-17).
SEMIPALMATED SAND PIPER,
Adams (Apr. 29), Hamilton (Apr. 18),
Keith (May 17), Lincoln (May 4-10),
Platte (May 7-16). WESTERN
SANDPIPER, Lincoln (May 14),
Scotts Bluff (May 2-12). MARBLED
GOD WIT, Adams (Apr. 23), Keith
(May 17), Lancaster (May 10), Lin¬
coln (May 19), Platte (May 7).
HUDSONIAN GODWIT, Lancaster
(May 10). AMERICAN AVOCET,
Adams (Apr. 21), Keith (Apr. 14),
Lincoln (Apr. 25-May 17), Logan
(May 10*), Platte (May 2-S), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 26-S). WILSON’S PHA-
LAROPE, Adams (Mar. 23-May 9),
Brown (May 9-S), Douglas (May 12),
Keith (Apr. 18), Lincoln (Apr. 27-
May 10), Logan (Apr. 18), Nemaha
(May 7), Platte (May 2-S), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 28-S). NORTHERN
PHALAROPE, Keith (May 13), Lin¬
coln (May 10).

GULLS and TERNS

HERRING GULL, Adams (Mar. 9),
Cass (Apr. 5), Douglas (Mar. 12),
Gage (Mar. 13-Apr, 12), Keith (Mar.
28), Lincoln (Mar. 1-June 8). RING¬
BILLED GULL, Adams (Apr. 14),
Cass (Mar. 16-June 30), Dawes (Apr.
18), Douglas (Mar. 5-May 23),
Hamilton (Apr. 24), Keith (Jan. 1),
Lincoln (Jan. 12-June 8), Platte
(Mar. 15-May 6), Scotts Bluff (Feb.
29-June 30). FRANKLIN’S GULL,
Adams (Apr. 20-May 13), Brown
(Apr. 25), Dawes (May 5*), Douglas
(Apr. 4), Gage (Mar. 29-May 12),
Hamilton (Apr. 20), Harlan (Apr.
10), Keith (Apr. 18), Lancaster
(Apr. 12-May 10), Lincoln (Apr. 2-
June 25), Logan (Apr. 22), Merrick
(Apr. 17-May 26), Nemaha (Apr. 30),
Platte (Apr. 12-May 6), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 21-June 27), Webster (Apr. 9-
May 28). FORSTER’S TERN, Cass
(Apr. 12), Hamilton (Apr. 18), Lin¬
coln (May 3). COMMON TERN,
Adams (Apr. 29), Gage (Apr. 12),
Platte (May 12-S). LEAST
TERN, Cass (Apr. 5-S), Platte
(May 16-S). BLACK TERN,
Adams (May 7), Brown (May 16-S),
Cass (June 15), Hamilton (May 2),
Keith (May 11), Lincoln (May 5-24),
Logan (May 10-June 20), Merrick
(Apr. 17-26), Nemaha (May 1),
Platte (May 3-S), Scotts Bluff (May
23), Webster (May 15-31).

DOVES

ROCK DOVES, (P) throughout the
state. MOURNING DOVES, Adams
(Mar. 1-S), Brown (Apr. 12-S), Cass
(Mar. 2-S), Dawes (Mar. 30-S),
Douglas (Mar. 10-S), Gage (P),
Hamilton (Jan. 6; Mar. 30-S), Har¬
lan, (Jan. 21-S), Keith (Mar. 29),
Lancaster (P), Lincoln (Mar. 12-S),
Logan (Mar. 30-S), Merrick (Mar.
17-S), Nemaha (P), Platte (Apr.
22-S), Scotts Bluff (P), Webster
(Mar. 1-S).

Nebraska Bird Review

73

CUCKOOS

YELLO W-B ILLED CUCKOO,
Adams (May 16-S), Cass (May 21-S),
Dawes (May 23-S), Douglas (May 9-
S), Gage (June 15-S), Hamilton
(May 19-S), Harlan (May 31-S),
Keith (May 17), Lancaster (May 8-
S), Lincoln (May 16-S), Logan (May
20-S), Merrick (May 17-S), Nemaha
(May 10-S), Scotts Bluff (May 22-S),
Webster (May 15-S). BLACK-BIL¬
LED CUCKOO, Brown (May 16-S),
Cass (May 16-S), Douglas (May 16-
S), Gage (June 14-S), Hamilton
(May 23-S), Lancaster (May 20),
Lincoln (May 26-S), Nemaha (June
30), Platte (Apr. 22-S), Webster
(June 15-S).

OWLS

BARN OWL, Keith (May 3), Mer¬
rick (June 10-30), Nemaha (Feb. 7),
Webster (Mar. 20*). SCREECH
OWL, Adams (Febr. 24), Brown
(May 24-S), Cass (P), Douglas (P),
Gage (P), Lincoln (Jan. 15*), Logan
(P), Nemaha (Jan. 10-June 8), Platte
(P), Scotts Bluff (June 11-30).
GREAT HORNED OWL, (P)
throughout the state. SNOWY OWL,
Adams (Jan. 4), Brown (Jan. 3*),
Cass (Jan. 5), Douglas (Jan. 1-Feb.

4) . BURROWING OWL, Adams
(Apr. 21-S), Brown (May 12*),
Keith (Apr. 23), Lincoln (Mar. 26-

5) , Logan (June 4-S), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 17-S), Webster (Apr. 15*).
BARRED OWL, Douglas (Feb. 27-
May 16). LONG-EARED OWL,
Dawes (Apr. 10*), G&ge (Jan. 1-
Mar. 10), Keith (Apr. 19), Webster
(May 4*). SHORT-EARED OWL,
Dawes (Apr. 13*), Gage (Jan. 5-Mar.
10), Lancaster (P), Nemaha (Jan. 1).
SAW-WHET OWL, Douglas (June
19-23).

GOATSUCKERS

CHUCK-WILL’S WIDOW, Nemaha
(June 5-9). WHIP-POOR-WILL, Ne¬
maha (Apr. 30-S). POOR-WILL^

Brown (June 28*), Logan (May 4*),
Scotts Bluff (May 14). COMMON
NIGHTHAWK, Adams (Apr. 30-S),
Brown (June 1-S), Cass (May 25-S),
Dawes (May 21-S), Douglas (May
3-S), Gage (Apr. 15-S), Harlan (May

18- S), Keith (May 15), Lancaster
(June 9-S), Lincoln (May 25-S),
Logan (May 19), Merrick (May 17-
S), Nemaha (May 4-S), Platte (May
27-S), Scotts Bluff (May 18-S),
Webster (May 10-S).

SWIFTS and HUMMINGBIRDS
CHIMNEY SWIFT, Adams (Apr. 20-
S), Cass (Apr. 15-S), Douglas (Apr.

19- S), Gage (Apr. 12-S), Hamilton
(Apr. 25), Harlan (Apr. 26-S), Keith
(May 2), Lancaster (Apr. 22-S), Lin¬
coln (Apr. 17-S), Logan (May 16-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 20), Platte (May 1-S),
Scotts Bluff (May 10-24), Webster
(Apr. 24-S). WHITE-THROATED
SWIFT, Scotts Bluff (May 30).
RUBY-THROATED HUMMING¬
BIRD, Brown (June 24-S), Cass
(June 8), Douglas (May 9-S), Gage
(June 13-S), Lincoln (May 31-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 27).

KINGFISHERS

BELTED KINGFISHER, Adams
(P), Brown (P), Cass (Mar. 17-S),
Douglas (Apr. 2-S, P?), Gage (Mar.
3-S), Hamilton (Mar. 14-S), Keith
(Jan. 1), Lancaster (P), Lincoln (P),
Logan (Apr. 12-S), Nemaha (June
22), Platte (P), Scotts Bluff (P).
WOODPECKERS

FLICKER, (P) throughout the state
with the possible exception of the
northwest, Dawes County. RED-
BELLIED WOODPECKER, (P) in
Adams, Cass, Douglas, Gage,, Hamil¬
ton, Lancaster, and Nemaha. In
Harlan (Mar. 17-June 30), Webster
(Mar. 3-4). RED-HEADED WOOD¬
PECKER, Adams (May 3-S), Brown
(May 2-S), Cass (May 4-S), Dawes
(May 19-S), Douglas (P), Gage (P),
Hamilton (May 1-S), Harlan (May

74

Nebraska Bird Review

6-S), Keith (Apr. 29), Lancaster
(Apr. 30-S), Lincoln (May 4-S), Lo¬
gan (May 10-S), Merrick (Apr. 30-
S), Nemaha (P), Platte (May 1-S),
Scotts Bluff (May 16-S), Webster
(May 1-S). LEWIS’ WOODPECK¬
ER, Dawes (May 23*). YELLOW-
BELLIED SAPSUCKER, Adams
(Feb. 17-Apr. 9), Lancaster (W-Mar.
1), Lincoln (Feb. 1-Mar. 30), Logan
(May 10-11), Nemaha (Jan. 2-May
1). HAIRY and DOWNY WOOD¬
PECKERS (P) througout the state.

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS
EASTERN KINGBIRD, Adams
(Apr. 29-S), Brown (May 12-S), Cass
(Apr. 22-S), Dawes (May 4-S),
Douglas (Apr. 22-S), Gage (Apr. 24-
S), Hamilton (May 1-S), Harlan
(Apr. 29-S), Keith (May 2), Lan¬
caster (Apr. 25-S), Lincoln (Apr.
26-S), Logan (May 1-S), Merrick
(May 3-S), Nemaha (May 1-S),
Platte (May 3-S), Scotts Bluff (May
10-S), Webster (May 1-S). WEST¬
ERN KINGBIRD, Adams (Apr. 29-
S), Brown (May 3-S), Cass (May 11-
S), Dawes (Apr. 26-S), Douglas
(May 10-S), Gage (May 2-S),
Hamilton (Apr. 28-S), Harlan (Apr.
25-S), Keith (Apr. 25), Lancaster
(May 7-S), Lincoln (Apr. 25-S), Lo¬
gan (Apr. 26-S), Merrick (Apr. 30-
S), Nemaha (May 1-S), Platte (May
6-S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 29-S),
Webster (Apr. 25-S). CASSIN’S
KINGBIRD, Keith (May 17), Scotts
Bluff (May 30). SCISSOR-TAILED
FLYCATCHER, Gage (Apr. 24-S).
GREAT CRESTED FLYCATCHER,
Adams (May 7-S), Cass (Apr. 23-S),
Douglas (Apr. 27-S), Hamilton (May
1-S), Harlan (May 18-S), Keith
(Apr. 24), Lancaster (May 20-S),
Lincoln (May 24), Nemaha (May
20-S), Platte (May 10-S), Webster
(May 5-S). EASTERN PHOEBE,
Adams (Mar. 28-S), Brown (May 12-
S), Cass (Apr. 29-S), Douglas (Apr.
1-S), Gage (Mar. 24-S), Hamilton

(Apr. 14-S), Keith (May 17), Lan¬
caster (Mar. 15-S), Lincoln (Apr.
6-S), Logan (Apr. 6-S), Nemaha
(Apr. 25-S), Webster (Apr. 23-S).
SAY’S PHOEBE, Adams (Apr. 16-
S), Brown (June 24-S), Dawes (Apr.
16-S), Harlan (Mar. 31-S), Keith
(Apr. 26), Lincoln (Mar. 31-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 10-S), Webster
(Mar. 29-S). EMPIDONAX sp.,
Adams (May 9), Brown (May 12),
Lincoln (May 2), Platte (May 10),
Webster (May 22). ACADIAN FLY¬
CATCHER, Douglas (May 10-S).
TRAILL’S FLYCATCHER, Logan
(May 7-S). LEAST FLYCATCHER,
Douglas (May 10-14), Keith (May
3), Lincoln (May 4). EASTERN
WOOD PE WEE, Adams (May 9),
Cass (May 2-S), Douglas (May 2-S),
Harlan (Apr. 11-S), Lancaster (May
31-S), Nemaha (Apr. 10-S). WEST¬
ERN WOOD PEWEE, Brown (May
12-S), Dawes (May 11-S), Lincoln
(May 19*), Scotts Bluff (May 3-S).
OLIVE-SIDED FLYCATCHER,
Brown (May 12), Lancaster (May
31), Lincoln (May 14*).

LARKS

HORNED LARK, (P) throughout
the state.

SWALLOWS

VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW,
Brown (June 24-S), Dawes (May
10-S). TREE SWALLOW, Douglas
(Apr. 19-S), Gage (May 5-S), Mer¬
rick (May 15-S), Platte (May 10-S),
Webster (Apr. 14-S). BANK SWAL¬
LOW, Cass (Apr. 30-S), Douglas
(Apr. 10-S), Gage (May 2-S), Hamil¬
ton (May 1), Harlan (June 5), Keith
(May 17), Lincoln (Apr. 26-S), Mer¬
rick (May 1-S), Nemaha (Apr. 14),
Webster (Apr. 24-S). ROUGH¬
WINGED SWALLOW, Adams (May
9-S), Brown (May 4-S), Cass (Apr.
30-S), Dawes (Apr. 26-S), Douglas
(Apr. 21-S), Hamilton (Apr. 19),
Harlan (Apr. 17-S), Keith (Apr. 19),

Nebraska Bird Review

75

Lancaster (Apr. 12-S), Lincoln (May

2) , Logan (Apr. 26-S), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 19-S), Webster (Apr. 23-S).
BARN SWALLOW, Adams (Apr.
14-S), Brown (Apr. 23-S), Cass
(Apr. 12-S), Dawes (Apr. 25-S),
Douglas (Apr. 10-S), Gage (May 9-
S), Hamilton (May 1), Harlan (Apr.
20-S), Keith (Apr. 10), Lancaster
(May 20-S), Lincoln (Apr. 21-S),
Logan (May 6-S), Merrick (Apr. 25-
S), Nemaha (Apr. 24-S), Platte
(May 2-S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 23-S),
Webster (Apr. 10-S). CLIFF SWAL¬
LOW, Brown (Apr. 18-S), Cass
(May 1-S), Dawes (May 26-S),
Douglas (Apr. 19-S), Gage (May 10-
S), Hamilton (May 14), Keith (May

3) , Lincoln (Apr. 19-S), Merrick
(May 1-S), Nemaha (Apr. 10-S),
Scotts Bluff (May 9-S), Webster
(May 31-S). PURPLE MARTIN,
Adams (Apr. 1-S), Brown (May 9-
S), Cass (Mar. 31-S), Douglas (Mar.
31-S), Gage (Mar. 29-S), Hamilton
(Apr. 14-S), Harlan (May 3-S),
Keith (Apr. 10), Lancaster (Apr. 1-
S), Lincoln (Apr. 13-S), Logan (May
16), Merrick (Apr. 29-S), Nemaha
(Mar. 28-S), Platte (Apr. 29-S).

CORVIDS

BLUE JAY, (P) throughout the
state except Dawes (May 1-S) and
Logan (Apr. 25-S). BLACK-BIL¬
LED MAGPIE, (P) in Adams,
Brown, Dawes, Hamilton, Harlan,
Keith, Lincoln, Logan, Merrick,
Scotts Bluff, Webster. COMMON
CROW, (P) throughout the state.
PINON JAY, (P) in Dawes and
Scotts Bluff.

TITMICE to NUTHATCHES

B L A C K-CAPPED CHICKADEE,
(P) throughout the state. TUFTED
TITMOUSE, (P) in Cass, Douglas,
Gage, Lancaster, Nemaha. WHITE¬
BREASTED NUTHATCH, Adams
(May 4), Brown (P), Cass (P),
Dawes (P), Douglas (P), Gage (P),
Hamilton (P), Harlan (P), Keith

(Mar. 27), Lancaster (P), Lincoln
(Mar. 6), Merrick (Jan. 1-Apr.), Ne¬
maha (P), Platte (P), Webster (Apr.
24*). RED-BREASTED NUT¬
HATCH, Adams (W-Apr. 2), Brown
(W-Feb, 4), Cass (W-Mar. 28),
Dawes (P), Douglas (W-Feb. 20),
Gage (W-Apr. 10), Hamilton (W-
Apr. 14), Lancaster (W-Apr. 30),
Lincoln (W-May 17), Nemaha (Feb.
4-Mar. 24), Platte (Jan. 4-24), Scotts
Bluff (W-May 23).

CREEPERS and WRENS
BROWN CREEPER, Adams (W-
Apr. 2), Brown (W-Feb. 6), Cass
(W-Mar. 26), Douglas (W-Apr. 25),
Gage (W-Apr. 10), Hamilton (Jan.
1), Harlan (Jan. 13), Lancaster (W-
Apr. 10), Lincoln (W-Apr. 19), Lo¬
gan (Jan. 28), Merrick (W-Mar. 2),
Nemaha (Jan. 9), Platte (Jan. 5).
HOUSE WREN, Adams (Apr. 24-S),
Brown (Apr. 27-S), Cass (Apr. 15-

5) , Dawes (May 4-S), Douglas (Apr.
17-S), Gage (Apr. 22-S), Hamilton
(Apr. 22), Harlan (Apr. 25-S), Keith
(Apr. 25), Lancaster (Apr. 25-S),
Lincoln (Apr. 15-S), Logan (Apr.
26-S), Merrick (Apr. 30-S), Nemaha
(Apr. 17-S), Platte (Apr. 28-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26-S), Webster
(Apr. 23-S). WINTER WREN, Doug¬
las (W-Apr. 6), Gage (W-Feb. 16).
BEWICK’S WREN, Douglas (Apr.
1). CAROLINE WREN, Cass (May

6) , Douglas (P). LONG-BILLED
MARSH WREN, Brown (June 17),
Keith (Apr. 11). SHORT-BILLED
MARSH WREN, Keith (May 17).
ROCK WREN, Dawes (May 7-S),
Keith (May 17), Scotts Bluff (May
23-S).

MOCKINGBIRDS

MOCKINGBIRD, Adams (May 31-
S), Dawes (Apr. 26-S), Douglas
(Apr. 25-S), Gage (May 2-S), Har¬
lan (Apr. 17-S), Keith (Mar. 8), Lin¬
coln (Jan. 1-S), Merrick (May 6-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 30), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 26-S), Webster (May 13-S).

76

Nebraska Bird Review

CATBIRD, Adams (May 9-S), Brown
(May 7-S), Cass (Apr. 27-S), Dawes
(May 15-S), Douglas (Apr. 25-S),
Gage (May 3-S), Hamilton (May 4-
S), Harlan (May 9-S), Keith (May
15), Lancaster (May 31-S), Lincoln
(May 10), Logan (May 10-S), Mer¬
rick (May 15-S), Nemaha (Apr. 27-
S), Platte (May 6-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 21), Webster (May 6-S).
BROWN THRASHER, Adams (Apr.
17-S), Brown (May 12-S), Cass (Apr.
15-S), Dawes (Apr. 26-S), Douglas
(Apr. 22-S), Gage (Apr. 24-S),
Hamilton (Apr. 27-S), Harlan (Apr.
22-S), Keith (Apr. 25), Lancaster
(Apr. 25-S), Lincoln (Feb. 25-S),
Logan (Apr. 26-S), Merrick (May
14-S), Nemaha (Apr. 14-S), Platte
(May 3-S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26-S),
Webster (Apr. 22-S).

THRUSHES

ROBIN, Adams (Feb. 28-S), Brown
(P), Cass (Mar. 3-S), Douglas (Feb.
12-S, P?), Gage (Feb. 25-S), Hamil¬
ton (P), Harlan (P), Keith (Jan. 1),
Lancaster (W-Feb. 2 ; Mar. 1-S),
Lincoln (P), Logan (P), Merrick
(P), Nemaha (Feb. 7-S), Platte (Mar.
12-S), Scotts Bluff (P), Webster (P).
WOOD THRUSH, Adams (May 9-
June 15), Brown (June 28), Cass
(Apr. 13), Douglas (Apr. 23-S), Lan¬
caster (May 10-S), Nemaha (May
10-S), Webster (May 5). HERMIT
THRUSH, Cass (May 1), Douglas
(Apr. 10), Lancaster (Apr. 5).
SWAINSON’S THRUSH, Adams
(Apr. 28), Dawes (May 9), Douglas
(Apr. 25-May 29), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (Apr. 30-May 31), Lincoln
(May 4-14), Logan (Apr. 27), Scotts
Bluff (May 9-30). GRAY-CHEEKED
THRUSH, Cass (May 12), Douglas
(May 3-16), Lancaster (May 20), Lo¬
gan (May 5), Scotts Bluff (May 26).
VEERY, Keith (May 8), Lincoln
(May 17), Webster (May 27*).
EASTERN BLUEBIRD, Adams
(Mar. 24-S), Cass (Mar. 27-

S), Douglas (Feb. 27-S, P?),
Gage (Mar. 3-S, P), Hamilton

(Mar. 14-S, P), Harlan (Apr. 25-S),
Keith (Mar. 14), Lancaster (Mar. 21-
S), Lincoln (P), Logan (Apr. 5-S),
Nemaha (Mar. 4-S), Webster (Mar.
12-S). WESTERN BLUEBIRD,
Dawes (Apr. 11*). MOUNTAIN
BLUEBIRD, Dawes (Mar. 21-S),
Keith (Mar. 14), Lincoln (W-Apr.
12), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 22-S).
TOWNSEND’S SOLITAIRE, Adams
(Jan. 7), Brown (W-Feb. 15), Dawes
(W-Apr. 4), Harlan (Jan. 27-31),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (W-Mar.
28), Lincoln (W-Apr. 12), Logan
(W-Mar. 20), Scotts Bluff (W-Apr.
18).

GNATCATCHERS to PIPITS

B L U E-G RAY GNATCATCHER,
Douglas (May 2-S), Nemaha (May

3) . GOLDEN-CROWNED KING¬
LET, Cass (W-Feb. 18), Douglas (W-
Apr. 19), Gage (W-Mar. 6), Hamil¬
ton (Jan. 8), Lancaster (W-Apr. 10),
Lincoln (W-Mar. 29), Platte (Jan.
16), Webster (Apr. 4*). RUBY-
CROWNED KINGLET, Brown (May

4) , Cass (Apr. 9-May 1), Douglas
(Apr. 6-May 2), Keith (Apr. 22),
Lancaster (Apr. 20-30), Logan
(May 1), Webster (Apr. 13-25).
WATER PIPIT, Cass (Apr. 5), Keith
(Apr. 21), Scotts Bluff (Mar. 24-
Apr. 18), Webster (May 4*). SPRA¬
GUE’S PIPIT, Webster (Apr. 14*).

WAX WINGS and SHRIKES
BOHEMIAN WAXWING, Adams
(Jan. 8), Brown (W-Mar. 3), Lan¬
caster (W-Feb. 2), Lincoln (Feb. 16-
Mar. 8), Scotts Bluff (Jan. 8-Feb.
28), CEDAR WAXWING, Adams
(Feb. 21-Apr. 29), Brown (W-Feb.
18), Cass (Jan. 2-June 30), Douglas
(P), Gage (W-Apr. 10), Hamilton
(Mar. 14), Harlan (Mar. 13), Keith
(Feb. 9), Lancaster (W-Apr. 30),
Lincoln (Feb. 2-Apr. 19), Nemaha
(Mar. 11-May 7), Platte (W-Apr. 6),
Scotts Bluff (Feb. 24-Mar. 21).

Nebraska Bird Rieview

77

NORTHERN SHRIKE, Gage (Feb.
21*), Hamilton (Jan. 8), Lincoln
(Jan. 1), Logan (Mar. 24), Scotts
Bluff (W-Apr. 1). LOGGERHEAD
SHRIKE, Adams (Mar. 29-May 9),
Brown (P), Cass (P), Dawes (Apr.
27-S), Douglas (Apr. 15-S), Gage
(Mar. 29-S), Hamilton (May 19-S),
Harlan (P), Keith (Apr. 17), Lan¬
caster (P), Lincoln (Mar. 31), Logan
(Apr. 19-S), Merrick (Apr. 6-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 16), Platte (May 25-
S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 11-S), Webster
(Mar. 15-S).

STARLINGS

STARLING (P) throughout the
state.

VIREOS

WHITE-EYED VIREO, Douglas
(May 9-S). BELL’S VIREO, Adams
(May 9), Cass (May 6), Douglas
(May 2-S), Hamilton (May 14-S),
Harlan (May 3-S), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (May 31-S), Lincoln (May
10-S), Logan (June 8-S), Nemaha
(Apr. 28), Scotts Bluff (May 2-23),
Webster (May 6-S). YELLOW-
THROATED VIREO, Douglas (Apr.
25-S), Nemaha (May 1). SOLITARY
VIREO, Douglas (Apr. 29-S), Logan
(May 23-S). RED-EYED VIREO,
Adams (May 9-S), Brown (May 4-
S), Cass (May 5-16), Dawes (May
10-S), Douglas (Apr. 25-S), Hamil¬
ton (May 15-S), Keith (May 17),
Lincoln (May 7-S), Logan (May 15-
S), Platte (May 12-S), Scotts Bluff
May 30-S). PHILADELPHIA
VIREO, Lincoln (May 13-14).
WARBLING VIREO, Adams (May
9-S), Brown (May 20-S), Cass (Apr.
29-S), Dawes (May 12-S), Douglas
(Apr. 25-S), Hamilton (May 1-S),
Harlan (Apr. 30), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (May 20-S), Lincoln (May
7-S), Logan (May 16-S), Merrick
(May 2-S), Nemaha (May 4), Platte
(May 15-S), Scotts Bluff (May 23-
S), Webster (May 31-S).

WOOD WARBLERS

BLACK AND WHITE WARBLER,
Adams (Apr. 29), Brown (May 10),
Cass (May 6), Dawes (May 4-S),
Douglas (May 3-10), Gage (May 2),
Keith (Apr. 19), Lincoln (Apr. 28-
May 2), Logan (Apr. 28*). BLUE-
WINGED WARBLER, Douglas (May
9*). TENNESSEE WARBLER,
Adams (May 16), Cass (Apr. 29),
Douglas (May 2-23), Harlan (May
7), Lincoln (Apr. 23-May 20), Logan
(May 8), Nemaha (May 10), Platte
(May 10), Webster (Apr. 26*).
ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER,
Adams (Apr. 28), Douglas (Apr. 25),
Hamilton (Apr. 22), Keith (Apr. 22),
Lancaster (Apr. 20-30), Lincoln
(Apr. 26-May 4), Logan (Apr. 26),
Nemaha (Apr. 28), Scotts Bluff
(May 5), Webster (May 5*). NASH¬
VILLE WARBLER, Douglas (Apr.
18-May 10), Platte (May 10). VIR¬
GINIA’S WARBLER, Lincoln (Apr.
26-29). PARULA WARBLER, Cass
(May 2). YELLOW WARBLER,
Adams (May 3-S), Brown (May 4),
Cass (May 4-S), Dawes (May 4-S),
Douglas (Apr. 25-S), Gage (May 4-

5) , Hamilton (May 2-S), Harlan
(May 10-S), Keith (May 7), Lan¬
caster (Apr. 25-S), Lincoln (Apr.
29-S), Logan (May 2-S), Nemaha
(Apr. 27-S), Platte (May 6-S), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 30-S), Webster (Apr. 26-
May 25). MAGNOLIA WARBLER,
Lancaster (May 10). BLACK-
THROATED BLUE WARBLER,
Cass (May 5).

MYRTLE WARBLER, Adams (Apr.

6) , Brown (Apr. 14), Cass (Apr. 14),
Dawes (May 4), Douglas (Apr. 18-
May 10), Gage (May 2), Hamilton
(Apr. 30), Harlan (Apr. 24), Keith
(Apr. 22), Lancaster (Apr. 20-30),
Lincoln (Jan. 12-May 4), Logan
(Apr. 16), Nemaha (Apr. 27- May
3), Platte (May 10), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 25-May 3), Webster (Apr. 14-

78

Nebraska Bird Review

28). AUDUBON’S WARBLER,
Dawes (Apr. 25-S), Keith (Apr. 19),
Lincoln (Apr. 28-May 3), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 20-May 3). BLACK-
THROATED GREEN WARBLER,
Keith (May 5). CERULEAN WAR¬
BLER, Douglas (May 2-S). CHEST¬
NUT-SIDED WARBLER, Douglas
(May 10-June 19). BLACKPOOL
WARBLER, Brown (May 4), Doug¬
las (May 3), Lincoln (May 1), Ne¬
maha (May 7), Platte (May 10).
PALM WARBLER, Douglas (Apr.
25*), Lincoln (Apr. 28-29). OVEN-
BIRD, Cass (May 2-S), Dawes (May
8-S), Douglas (Apr. 22-S), Lancas¬
ter (May 10). NORTHERN WATER-
THRUSH, Cass (May 4), Douglas
(Apr. 25-May 3). LOUISIANA
WATERTHRUSH, Douglas (Apr.
11-May 29). KENTUCKY WAR¬
BLER, Douglas (May 2-S). MOURN¬
ING WARBLER, Douglas (May 2*).
MACGILLIVRAY’S WARBLER,
Adams (May 16), Platte (May 10),
Scotts Bluff (May 5). YELLOW-
THROAT, Adams (May 9-S), Brown
(May 26-S), Cass (May 5-S), Dawes
(May 7-S), Douglas (May 2-S),
Hamilton (May 14-S), Keith (May
3), Lancaster (May 20-S), Lincoln
(May 3-S), Logan (Apr. 26-S),
Platte (May 10-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 9-S), Webster (May 1-31).
YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT, Cass
(May 5-S), Dawes (May 8-S), Doug¬
las (May 2-S), Lincoln (May 4-18),
Logan (May 14-S), Platte (May 5-
S), Scotts Bluff (May 23-S), Web¬
ster (May 11*). HOODED WAR¬
BLER, Webster (Apr. 24*). WIL¬
SON’S WARBLER, Cass (May 5-
14), Douglas (Apr. 27-May 10),
Hamilton (Apr. 28), Keith (May 17),
Scotts Bluff (May 5-11). CANADA
WARBLER, Nemaha (Apr. 28).
AMERICAN REDSTART, Adams
(May 2), Brown (May 4-S), Cass
(May 5-S), Dawes (May 7-S), Doug¬
las (Apr. 25-S), Gage (May 5-S),

Keith (May 8), Lancaster (May 10),
Platte (May 10-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 5-25).

WEAVER FINCHES

HOUSE SPARROW (P) throughout
the state.

BLACKBIRDS

BOBOLINK, Brown (May 12-S),
Cass (May 11), Dawes (June 13-S),
Douglas (June 19-S), Gage (May 28-
S), Keith (May 17), Lincoln (May

4- S), Logan (May 17-S), Merrick
(May 20-S), Platte (May 16-S),
Scotts Bluff (May 23-S). EASTERN
MEADOWLARK, Cass (P), Douglas
(P), Gage (P), Hamilton (Mar. 8),
Keith (May 17), Lancaster (Apr.

5- S), Lincoln (May 8), Logan (Apr.
26-S), Merrick (Mar. 19-S), Nemaha
(Mar. 17-S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 18),
Webster (P). WESTERN MEADOW¬
LARK, (P) throughout the state.
YELLOW-HEADED BLACKBIRD,
Adams (Apr. 14-S), Dawes (Apr. 1-
S), Douglas (Apr. 11-S), Gage (May
2-S), Hamilton (Apr. 22), Harlan
(Apr. 16), Keith (Apr. 18), Lancas¬
ter (Apr. 25-May 10), Lincoln (Apr.
23-May 1), Logan (Apr. 18-S), Mer¬
rick (Apr. 30), Platte (Apr. 19-S),
Scotts Bluff (Apr. 11-S), Webster
(Mar. 28-May 13). RED-WINGED
BLACKBIRD, Adams (Mar. 1-S),
Brown (Mar. 6-S), Cass (Mar. 14-S),
Dawes (Apr. 1-S), Douglas (Feb. 29-
S), Gage (Mar. 16-S), Hamilton
(Feb. 27-S), Harlan (Jan. 26-S),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (Mar. 1-
S), Lincoln (P), Logan (P), Merrick
(Mar. 3-S), Nemaha (P), Platte
(Mar. 30-S), Scotts Bluff (P), Web¬
ster (P). ORCHARD ORIOLE,
Adams (May 7-S), Brown (May 3-
S), Cass (May 2-S), Dawes (May 15-
S), Douglas (Apr. 25-S), Gage (May
2-S), Hamilton (May 5-S), Harlan
(Apr. 25-S), Keith (May 17), Lan¬
caster (May 20-S), Lincoln (May 3-

Nebraska Bird Review

79

S), Logan (May 14-S), Merrick (May
6-S), Nemaha (May 3-S), Platte
(May 10-S), Scotts Bluff (May 5-S),
Webster (May 2-S). BALTIMORE
ORIOLE, Adams (Apr. 25-S), Brown
(May 2-S), Cass (Apr. 25-S), Doug¬
las (Apr. 23-S), Gage (May 5-S),
Hamilton (Apr. 30-S), Harlan (Apr.
23-S), Keith (May 2), Lancaster
(Apr. 25-S), Lincoln (May 3-S), Lo¬
gan (Apr. 29-S), Merrick (May 2-S),
Nemaha (Apr. 27-S), Platte (May 1-
S), Scotts Bluff (May 23-S), Web¬
ster (Apr. 25-S). BULLOCK’S
ORIOLE, Dawes (May 15-S), Keith
(May 7), Scotts Bluff (May 9-S).
RUSTY BLACKBIRD, Brown (May
5), Douglas (Jan. 15-Apr. 4), Gage
(Mar. 15*), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancas¬
ter (Feb. 2), Nemaha (Mar. 28),
Platte (May 10). BREWER’S
BLACKBIRD, Adams (May 9), Cass
(Mar. 27), Dawes (Apr. 1-S), Doug¬
las (Apr. 4), Gage (Mar. 9-S), Har¬
lan (Apr. 26), Lancaster (Feb. 2-Apr.
12), Logan (Apr. 18-S), Platte (May
12), Webster (Mar. 28-Apr. 25).

COMMON GRACKLE, Adams (Mar.
22-S), Brown (Apr. 23-S), Cass
(Mar. 13-S), Dawes (Apr. 17-S),
Douglas (Mar. 17-S), Gage (Feb. 16-
S), Harlan (Mar. 12-S), Keith (Mar.
18), Lancaster (Mar. 12-S), Lincoln
(Mar. 20-S), Logan (Apr. 1-S), Mer¬
rick (Mar. 15-S), Nemaha (Apr. 3-
S), Platte (Mar. 29-S), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 11-S), Webster (Mar. 25-S).
BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD,
Adams (May 7-S), Brown (Apr. 21-
SI, Cass (Apr. 20-S), Dawes (Apr.
26-S), Douglas (Mar. 17-S), Gage
(Mar. 16-S), Hamilton (Apr. 22-S),
Harlan (Mar. 30-S), Keith (Apr. 19),
Lancaster (Apr. 5-S), Lincoln (Mar.
29-S), Logan (Apr. 16-S), Merrick
(May 2-S), Nemaha (Mar. 28-S),
Platte (May 10-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 12-S), Webster (Mar. 3-S).

TANAGERS

SCARLET TANAGER, Douglas
(Apr. 25-S). WESTERN TANAGER,
Brown (May 17-S), Dawes (May 23-
S).

FR INGILL IDS

CARDINAL, (P) in all counties ex¬
cept Dawes and Scotts Bluff. ROSE¬
BREASTED GROSBEAK, Adams
(May 9-S), Brown (May 4-S), Cass
(May 1-S), Douglas (Apr. 25-S),
Gage (May 2-S), Hamilton (May 3-
S), Harlan (May 14-S), Keith (May
20), Lancaster (Apr. 25-S), Nemaha
(May 3-S), Platte (May 10-S).
BLACK-HEADED GROSBEAK,
Adams (May 9-S), Brown (Apr. 14-
SI, Dawes (May 6-S), Hamilton
(May 10-S), Keith (May 9), Lincoln
(May 10), Logan (May 6-S), Scotts
Bluff (May 23-S). BLUE GROS¬
BEAK, Adams (May 22-S), Brown
(May 6-S), Dawes (May 23*), Doug¬
las (June 19-S), Harlan (May 4-S),
Keith (May 17), Lancaster (May 20-
S), Lincoln (May 10-S), Logan (May
31-S), Scotts Bluff (May 11-S), Web¬
ster (May 10-S). INDIGO BUNT¬
ING, Adams (May 9-S), Brown
(June 28-S), Cass (May 5-S), Doug¬
las (May 2-S), Harlan (May 18-S),
Keith (May 17), Lancaster (May 22-
S), Nemaha (May 2-S), Scotts Bluff
(May 16). LAZULI BUNTING,
Scotts Bluff (May 9-S). INDIGO X
LAZULI BUNTING, Dawes (May
23). DICKCISSEL, Adams (May 18-
S), Brown (May 20-S), Cass (May
5-S), Douglas (May 10-S), Gage
(May 1-S), Hamilton (May 20), Har¬
lan (May 16-S), Keith (May 17),
Lancaster (May 20-S), Lincoln (May
19-S), Logan (May 20-S), Merrick
(May 8-S), Nemaha (Apr. 27-S),
Platte (May 10-S), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 20-S), Webster (May 5-S).
EVENING GROSBEAK, Adams
(Feb. 18-May 1), Brown (May 6-15),

80

Nebraska Bird Review

Dawes (W-May 19), Gage (Jan. 1-

5) , Keith (May 7), Lincoln (W-May
19), Logan (Mar. 4-May 17), Platte
(W-Apr. 13), Scotts Bluff (Feb. 16-
Apr. 19). PURPLE FINCH, Adams
(Mar. 7-9), Cass; (W-Feb. 18), Doug¬
las (W-May 2), Lancaster (W-Apr.
10), Lincoln (W-Apr. 26), Nemaha
(Mar. 24). CASSIN’S FINCH, Dawes
(W-Apr. 8), Logan (May 3), Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 19). HOUSE FINCH,
Keith (Mar. 20), Scotts Bluff (P).
PINE GROSBEAK, Brown (Jan. 1),
Cass (Feb. 22), Lincoln (Jan. 23-
Mar. 15). COMMON REDPOLL,
Cass (Apr. 5), Douglas (Jan. 29*).
PINE SISKIN, Brown (Jan. 1-Feb.
18), Cass (W-Feb. 22), Dawes (P),
Douglas (Apr. 22-May 10), Harlan
(Jan. 2), Keith (May 3), Lancaster
(Feb. 2-Apr. 30), Lincoln (W-May
12), Logan (W-May 23), Nemaha
(Mar. 23-May 8), Scotts Bluff (P),
Webster (W-Mar. 25; May 26).
AMERICAN GOLDFINCH, (P)
throughout the state except Dawes
(May 17-S). RED CROSSBILL,
Adams (Apr. 9-20), Dawes (P),
Douglas (Jan. 1-4), Lancaster (Feb.
9-May 10), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 6-May

6) . RUFOUS-SIDED TOWHEE,
Adams (Apr. 20-May 9), Brown
(May 1-S), Cass (Apr.’ 5-S), Dawes
(Apr. 26-S), Douglas (Feb. 13; Apr.
9-S), Gage (P), Hamilton (Apr. 22),
Keith (Apr. 16), Lincoln (Jan. 15;
Apr. 26-S), Logan (Apr. 21-S), Ne¬
maha (P), Platte (May 10-S), Scotts
Bluff (May 10-S), Webster (Apr.

23- May 15). LARK BUNTING,
Adams (May 14-21), Brown (May
14-S), Dawes (May 7-S), Hamilton
(May 10), Harlan (May 6-S), Keith
(May 5), Lancaster (May 31-S), Lin¬
coln (May 4-S), Logan (May 9-S),
Merrick (May 10-30), Platte (May

24- S), Scotts Bluff (May 2-S), Web¬
ster (May 8-June 30). SAVANNAH
SPARROW, Douglas (Apr. 23),
Keith (May 17), Lancaster (Apr.

12) , Lincoln (Apr. 3-28), Logan (Apr.
26), Platte (May 10), Scotts Bluff
(Apr. 26-May 12), Webster (Mar. 11;
Mai*. 30-May 5). GRASSHOPPER
SPARROW, Dawes (June 15-S),
Gage (May 2-S), Keith (May 17),
Lincoln (May 10), Scotts Bluff (June
21), Webster (Apr. 15-S). BAIRD’S
SPARROW, Logan (May 24), Scotts
Bluff (May 4), Webster (Apr. 15-
May 8). LECONTE’S SPARROW,
Cass (May 4), Lincoln (May 19*),
Webster (Apr. 5-18). VESPER
SPARROW, Adams (Apr. 21), Cass
(Apr. 30), Dawes (Apr. 18), Douglas
(Apr. 2-23), Gage (Mar. 22-May 10),
Hamilton (May 1), Harlan (Apr. 15),
Keith (Apr. 17), Lancaster (Apr.
11), Lincoln (Apr. 14-May 10), Lo¬
gan (Apr. 18), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 19-
S), Webster (Apr. 13-28). LARK
SPARROW, Adams (May 9-S),
Brown (May 4-S), Dawes (Apr. 26-
S), Douglas (Apr. 29-May 10), Gage
(May 1-S), Hamilton (May 2), Har¬
lan (Apr. 3-S), Keith (Apr. 26), Lin¬
coln (Apr. 25-S), Logan (Apr. 18-S),
Merrick (May 17-S), Nemaha (May
1), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26-S), Web¬
ster (Apr. 22-S).

WHITE-WINGED JUNCO, Dawes
(P). SLATE-COLORED JUNCO,
Adams (W-Apr. 14), Brown (W-Apr.
9), Cass (W-Apr. 13), Dawes (W-
Apr. 10), Douglas (W-Apr. 22), Gage
(W-Mar. 30), Hamilton (Jan. 1), Har¬
lan (W-Apr. 20), Keith (Jan. 1),
Lancaster (W-Apr. 20), Lincoln (W-
May 3), Logan (W-Apr. 18), Merrick
(W-Apr. 4), Nemaha (W-Apr. 10),
Platte (Jan. 17), Webster (W-Apr.

13) . OREGON JUNCO, Brown (W-
Apr. 9), Dawes (W-Apr. 10), Doug¬
las (Feb. 12-Apr. 11), Gage (W-Mar.
20), Hamilton (Jan. 1), Keith (Jan.
1), Lancaster (W-Apr. 12), Lincoln
(W-Apr. 13), Logan (W-Apr. 17),
Nemaha (W-Feb. 27), Scotts Bluff
(W-Apr. 11), Webster (Mar. 1-29).

Nebraska Bird Review

81

GRAY-HEADED JUNCO, Scotts
Bluff (Apr. 26). TREE SPARROW,
Adams (W-Mar. 2), Brown (W-Mar.
28), Cass (W-Apr. 8), Douglas (W-
Apr. 18), Gage (W-Apr. 2), Hamil¬
ton (Jan. 8), Harlan (W-Apr. 11),
Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster (W-Apr.
11), Lincoln (W-Apr. 18), Logan (W-
Apr. 7), Merrick (W-Apr. 11), Ne¬
maha (W-Mar. 23), Scotts Bluff (W-
Mar. 21), Webster (W-Apr. 14).
CHIPPING SPARROW, Adams
(Apr. 20-S), Brown (Apr. 28-S), Cass
(Apr. 5-S), Dawes (Apr. 18-S), Doug¬
las (Apr. 18-S), Hamilton (Apr. 21),
Harlan (May 4), Keith (Apr. 19),
Lancaster (Apr. 20-S), Lincoln (Apr.
15-May 10), Logan (Apr. 29), Ne¬
maha (Apr. 12—S), Platte (May 10-
S), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 26-S), Webster
(Apr. 27-May 22). CLAY-COLORED
SPARROW, Adams (May 7-16),
Dawes (May 4), Douglas (May 10),
Hamilton (Apr. 14), Harlan (Apr.
29-May 7), Keith (Apr. 25), Lan¬
caster (Apr. 30), Lincoln (Apr. 26-
May 10), Logan (Apr. 26-May 14),
Platte (May 10), Scotts Bluff (Jan.
1-Apr. 11), Webster (Apr. 25-May
15). BREWER’S SPARROW, Lincoln
(May 12-19), Scotts Bluff (Apr. 29).
FIELD SPARROW, Brown (Apr. 6-
S), Cass (Apr. 13-S), Douglas (Apr.
6-S), Gage (May 1-S), Harlan (Apr.
4-29), Lancaster (Apr. 10), Lincoln
(May 10-S), Logan (Apr. 26-May
4), Nemaha (Apr. 5-S), Platte (Apr.
24-S), Scotts Bluff (May 23), Web¬
ster (Mar. 23-Apr. 23).

HARRIS’ SPARROW, Adams (W-
May 9), Brown (W-Feb. 28), Cass
(W-Apr. 13), Dawes (May 4), Doug¬
las (Feb. 4-May 10), Gage (W-Mar.
30), Hamilton (Jan. 1), Harlan (W-
Apr. 29), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster
(W-Apr. 30), Lincoln (W-May 10),
Logan (W-May 9), Merrick (W-Mar.

18), Nemaha (Jan. 1), Platte (May
4-10), Webster (W-May 15). WHITE-
CROWNED SPARROW, Adams
(May 9), Brown (Apr. 14-May 2),
Dawes (Apr. 18-May 8), Gage (W-
Mar. 30), Harlan (W-May 17), Keith
(Jan. 1), Lancaster (Jan. 18), Lin¬
coln (Jan. 28-May 10), Logan (Mar.
21-Api*. 5), Nemaha (Apr. 12-May
3), Platte (May 10), Scotts Bluff (W-
Apr. 30), Webster (Apr. 18-May 15).
WHITE-THROATED SPARROW,
Adams (Apr. 29), Douglas (Apr. 17-
May 3), Gage (W-Mar. 19), Harlan
(Apr. 26-30), Keith (May 3), Lan¬
caster (Apr. 25-30), Lincoln (Mar.
28-Apr. 29), Logan (Apr. 19-Apr.
30), Nemaha (Mar. 28-May 4), Platte
(May 10), Webster (Apr. 30*). FOX
SPARROW, Adams (Mar. 20),
Brown (May 4), Douglas (Mar. 17-
Apr. 11), Lancaster (Mar. 15-Apr.
12). LINCOLN’S SPARROW,
Adams (Apr. 21-May 9), Cass (Apr.
29), Douglas (W-May 10), Harlan
(Apr. 20-30), Keith (May 3), Lan¬
caster (Jan. 5; Apr. 11-25), Lincoln
(Apr. 16-May 17), Logan (Apr. 22-
May 13), Nemaha (May 1), Webster
(Apr. 28-May 15). SWAMP SPAR¬
ROW, Cass (Apr. 25), Douglas (Feb.
17-May 2), Logan (May 17-S).
SONG SPARROW, Adams (Mar. 2),
Brown (Apr. 28), Cass (Jan. 2-June
28), Dawes (Apr. 13*), Douglas (W-
Apr. 17; May 2), Gage (W-Mar. 30),
Hamilton (Mar. 14), Harlan (W-
Apr. 21), Keith (Jan. 1), Lancaster
(W-Apr. 11), Lincoln (Feb. 2-May
10), Logan (Mar. 21-Apr. 30), Nema¬
ha (W-Mar. 23), Platte (May 10),
Scotts Bluff (W-June 1), Webster
(W-May 3). LAPLAND LONG-
SPUR, Brown (Feb. 3), Logan (Jan.
15), Webster (W-Mar. 27). CHEST¬
NUT-COLLARED LONGSPUR,
Gage (W-May 10), Webster (Mar.
21-Apr. 10).

82

Nebraska Bird Review

APPARENT LOCAL DIFFERENCES IN THE CALLS
OF THE ACADIAN FLYCATCHERS

There are, within less than 10
miles of each other near Omaha,
two small areas used by what ap¬
parently are Acadian flycatchers,
although they use different calls,
each specific to an area, and this
has been the case for several years.

In the fall of 1052 I started bird-
ing in Omaha, covering the same
areas about once a week. I soon
became aware that every summer I
would find one or more small fly¬
catchers in Fontenelle Forest in
Child’s Hollow and the small
side ravine along Fern Trail, and
that these flycatchers used a call
which sounds to me like “be’sop”.
Child’s Hollow and the small ravine
are drainage courses, but are almost
always dry. After a rain there may
be some small amounts of water
standing in Child’s Hollow, but not
for long. Except for the floor of the
Hollow, and the paths, the area is
grown up in deciduous trees and
brush which has been undisturbed
for 50 years or more. Peterson says
the Empidonax are to be identified
by voice and habitat, but I couldn’t
find any voice description in Peter¬
son, Saunders, or elsewhere that
would seem to come anywhere near
the “be’sop”. I called them “besop”
flycatchers in my notes and let it go
at that. But a few years ago I heard
the Peterson record of bird calls and
recognized part of the Acadian re¬
cording as the “be’sop” heard in
the Forest, except that on the record
they were repeated and in the
Forest they were individual calls.
The one nest that I found fitted
Peterson’s description for the Aca¬
dian. I don’t remember ever hear¬
ing the “be’sop” call outside of the
Forest, and very seldom outside the

small restricted area described
above.

About 10 miles north, at the foot
of the west end of Carter Lake, is
another restricted area in which I
can almost always find one or more
small flycatchers. This is a cattail
marsh in part of the old river bed,
with willows and cottonwoods (and
undersbrush) on the dry ground on
the edge of the marsh. Here the
birds give a call that I hear as
“whiskey”. The habitat could fit
that given by Peterson for either
the Acadian or the Alder. The call
might also fit either of the two
species, particularly since the Alder
has distinctly different calls in dif¬
ferent areas. But I have concluded
that what I hear as “whiskey” is
the “spit-chee” of the Acadian. This
“whiskey” call is associated in my
mind with this area near Carter
Lake, although I am not as sure
that it is restricted to a small area
as I am of the “be’ sop” call.

But both in the Forest, especially
near swampy places, and around
Carter Lake, I also hear a small fly¬
catcher call that seems to me to be
“wht” or “spt”—would this be the
“peet” call of the Acadian, or the
“pep” or “pit” of the Alder? Or
maybe it is the “be’sop” call in
very fast time.

If I am correct in my identifica¬
tions of these flycatchers—based
only on the record and on book
descriptions of calls and habitat—
here is an interesting case of ex¬
treme local specialization in calls.
And even if the “spt” call is actual¬
ly a fast version of the “be’sop”
call, there is still the question of
why I hear the slow version only

Nebraska Bird Review

83

in one small area in the Forest.—
R. G. Cortelyou, Omaha

GENERAL NOTES

ORCHARD ORIOLE DISPLAY.—
Two male Orchard Orioles were
observed jumping from one tele¬
phone wire to another alternately
doing a “head-up tail-down” and
“head-down tail-up” motion. This
continued several minutes and the
birds remained conspicuous when
they moved into the brush below
the wires.—Doris Gates, Chadron

CLIFF SWALLOW NESTING
COLONY IN THOMAS COUNTY.—
While on a Wild Flower study trip
to the Dismal River, Sunday after¬
noon, July 12, 1964, I left the auto
at a roadside shady spot and walk¬
ed down to the Highway 83 bridge
over the Dismal River. Many swal¬
lows were milling around, darting
under the bridge and out again. An
investigation of this activity dis¬
closed that there were many Cliff
Swallow (Petrochelidon albifroms)
nests built on the sides of the huge
concrete cross-beams that are a part
of the structure. A few swallows
entered nests but mostly they just
paused at the entrances and flew
away again. Perhaps half of the
nests observed were in a bad state
of deterioration, suggesting that
nesting had taken place there in
previous years. This bridge is in
Thomas County but near the Logan-
Thomas county line. The Cliff Swal¬
low had been on our migration lists
irregularly but nesting in this area
had not been noted previously.—
Earl W. Glandon, Stapleton.

NEW RECORDS FOR LOGAN
COUNTY.—On April 23, 1964, Mrs.
Rose Glandon discovered the typical
pattern of holes, made by the Yel¬

low-bellied Sapsucker, on the trunk
of an Austrian Pine in the Glandon
garden. A few days later Mrs.
Georgia Wood, a near neighbor re¬
ported the same on the trunk of a
Red Cedar. An examination at the
Glandon residence disclosed that
two Austrian Pines had been drill¬
ed but there was no trace on the
Western Yellow Pine, Black Hills
Spruce or Cedars. On May 10 Mrs.
Glandon heard a tapping on the
Austrian Pine. After patiently wait¬
ing near the tree for some time she
was able to observe the Yellow-
bellied Sapsucker and identify it.
On May 11, Mr. Glandon also ob¬
served the bird and identified it.
This is a first record for that species
in Logan County.

While studying shore birds at
Cody Lake, a small lake north of
Stapleton, Mr. Glandon discovered
a stranger, standing on the beach
directly facing him. He worked up
carefully using binoculars, until he
had a perfect picture of the visible
markings. When the bird flew it
turned so that the back and upper
wings were plainly visible. It was
positively identified as a Ruddy
Turnstone, the first record for this
area.

Also on May 4 a Poor Will was
flushed near the garden. It dropped
to the ground in the garden and was
again flushed twice before it dis¬
appeared. This was a second record,
the other being May 6, 1935.—Earl
and Rose Glandon, Stapleton.

REPORTS OF LARK BUNT¬
INGS.—Apparently this was a Lark
Bunting year, especially in eastern
Nebraska. A large flock was seen
as far east as Waverly by the
George Keims of Lincoln. Mrs. Rex-
ford Ferris noted them in Merrick
County and Mrs. John Dankers re¬
ported them in Harlan County.

84

Nebraska Bird Review

Miss Margaret Morton said they re¬
mained through the summer near
Doniphan and apparently nested
there.—Ed.

EDITORAL

GEORGE E. BLINCO 1879-1964

Mr. Blinco died at the home of
his son, Paul, in Altadena, Calif,
on Sept. 18. He lived in Chadron

most of his life and had been a
locomotive engineer.

Mr. Blinco was a member of
N.O.U. since 1933, was vice presi¬
dent for a term and contributed to
the organization in a number of
ways. Until recent years, he attend¬
ed every annual meeting. Mr. and
Mrs. Blinco were the major bird
students of the Chadron area for
many years. Mrs. Blinco died Aug.
1, 1957.

EXCERPTS FROM LETTERS

“On May 11, 1963, as I was going
to my mail box, I spotted a pair of
Cedar Waxwings passing a tidbit
back and forth from one to the other
(I’m sure it was about 20 times)
moving toward and away from one
another about six inches each time
this was done. It’s really a treat to
see this ‘almost human bit of man¬
nerly refinement’ among the wax-
wings.”—Carl H. Swanson, Omaha.

“An unusual observation on No¬
vember 19 and 20, was a female Pine
Grosbeak. This Grosbeak was dis¬
covered feeding on the buds of a
honeysuckle bush beside the bird bath.
It showed little fear as I walked
about the yard. This is one of a very
few records of this species here.

“About October 21, William Red-
enbo and I were harvesting red ce¬
dar seed in Pine Canyon. This is a
very large canyon situated about
half way between Arnold and Calla¬
way on the north side of the South
Loup river. We discovered a flock
of about 12 or 14 wild Turkeys. This
is an ideal place for this species
since the breaks are well covered
with red cedar, western yellow pine
and some broad-leafed varieties.”—
Earl W. Glandon, Stapleton.

“On May 30, 1963, in our backyard
at 3:30 P.M. ( on a sunny day) we
had a close up view of a Ruby-throat¬
ed Hummingbird, the first one this
year here. It was feeding on the nec¬
tar of a tiger lily and staid a short
time in the sun. It was within arms
reach, but I remained calm!”—Oscar
Alexis, Lincoln.

“This is the first year we have
had a feeder for the birds, and at
first I thought the only thing that
ate the seed was the House Spar¬
rows. But now we have had 14
kinds of birds. They were the House,
Tree, White-crowned, Harris’, and
Song Sparrows; Slate-colored and
Oregon Juncos, Downy and Red-
bellied Woodpeckers, Cardinal,
Chickadees, White-breasted Nut¬
hatches, Blue Jays and Starling.
The Cardinal has come to the feeder
every day since the first day it
snowed. If there is no sunflower
seed in the feeder, he flies to the
feeder and turns to the window and
scolds until someone brings more
food.”—Mrs. Glen Hoge formerly of
Powell, now of Rt. 6, Box 246,
Olympia, Wash.

Nebraska Bird Review

85

“On July 5 (1963) I observed an
active nest of Yellow-billed Cuckoo
in a shelter-belt on a wheat ranch
near Stapleton. The nest was about
four feet above the ground in a red
cedar tree and contained two blue-
green eggs. The nest was similar to
that of a Mourning Dove in struc¬
ture, with perhaps a little more lin¬
ing material. It was poorly built
affair at best.”—George W. Brown,
Kearney.

“Just visited with a neighbor who
lives in the country about four miles
from Verdigre and I asked them if
they ever hear or see the owls. They
told me they do—Horned Owls,
Screech Owls, and the Barn Owls.
They also have quail on their farm.”
—Mrs. W. J. Svoboda, Verdigre.

“As I was driving to Sunday School
over by Dry Lake on August 18,
1963, I saw a Black-bellied Plover.
I had slowed down to go over an
auto gate and he was just beyond. I
got a good look at him and he looked
me over. He didn’t fly but just walk¬
ed on.”—Oona S. Bassett, Tryon.

“I saw a Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
yesterday (Sept. 24, 1963) at Lake
Maloney near our cabin. Watched
him over an hour. What a thrill!”—
Ella Nielsen, North Platte

“Sunday morning, Jan. 12, 1964,
temperature 0°, I went to Cody

Park and walked along the juni¬
per planting east from the entrance.
Those trees were full of surprises.
I’ve never seen Solitaires in a flock
before, but there must have been
nearly 25 of them in that row of
trees. They got started on their
whistled note, and it was a chorus.
This was an entirely new experi¬
ence with Solitaires for me. There
was a big flock of Robins in the
junipers, too, and with them was
one Evening Grosbeak. Red-breast¬
ed Nuthatches and Brown Creepers
were feeding there, too, and I pick¬
ed up one Golden-crowned Kinglet.
Then came the big surprise. After
considerable trying I finally got a
focus on other small birds I could
see and discovered there were at
least two Myrtle Warblers in this
assembly.

“That afternoon I was still think¬
ing about this and decided to go
back. The Robins were still there,
but no Solitaires and I found no
Myrtle Warblers. Nuthatches and
Creepers were much in evidence.
The Evening Grosbeak had been
joined by about 30 more, and mixed
in with the Robins and grosbeaks
were about a dozen Purple Finches,
three of which were adult males.
With all the Purple Finches I’ve
seen those are the first with any
red on them.”—Gail Shickley, North
Platte.

The Annual Spring Meeting and Field Day will be in Superior,
Nebr., May 8-9, 1965.

86

Nebraska Bird Review

INDEX OF VOLUME XXXII

Albinos, 62
Alden, J. H., 67
Alexis, Oscar, 34, 84
Anderson, Dana A., 45
Vera, 34, 49, 66
Appleby, Elizabeth, 66
Armstrong, Mrs. John R., 67
Roger, 67

Audubon Naturalists’ Club, 34, 49,
67

Aughey, Samuel, 22, 23
Avocet, American, 15, 52, 59, 72
Baier, Mrs. Marie, 34
Banghart, Harry, 67
Mrs. Harry (Mary Ann), 49, 67
Barbour, Prof. Edwin H., 19, 21
Bassett, Mrs. Oona, 49, 85
Bates, Rev. John M., 23, 25
Beatrice Audubon Society, 34
Bessey, Prof. Charles E., 19, 20, 21,
26

Bittern, American, 15, 37, 50, 68
Least, 50, 68

Blackbird, Brewer’s, 16, 35, 56, 79
Redwinged, 15, 16, 33, 34, 35, 46,
56, 59, 78
Rusty, 56, 79

Yellow-headed, 15, 16, 49, 56, 59,
78

Bliese, John C. W., 33, 61
Margaret E., 33
Blinco, George, 84
Blinde, Marj, 33

Bluebird, Eastern, 16, 35, 46, 54, 59,
76

Mountain, 35, 46, 54, 64, 76
Western, 54, 61, 76
Bobolink, 15, 46, 56, 59, 78
Bobwhite, 34, 35, 45, 49, 59, 71
Brashear, (Joyce) Mrs. Jack, 49, 62,
64, 67

Brooking Bird Club, 49, 66
Brown, Gary, 61

George W., 33, 61, 85
Randy, 33, 61

Bruner, Prof. Lawrence, 20, 21, 23
Bufflehead, 50, 69

Bunting, Indigo, 46, 47, 56, 59, 79
Indigo X Lazuli, 79
Lark, 15, 46, 47, 57, 59, 67, 80, 83
Lazuli, 47, 56, 79
Canvasback 15, 50, 69
Cardinal, 15, 16, 36, 46, 49, 59, 64,
79, 84

Catbird 15, 16, 46, 54, 59, 76
Chat, Yellow-breasted, 47, 55, 78
Chickadee, Black-capped, 15, 16, 35,
46, 49, 59, 64, 75, 84
Chicken, Greater Prairie, 16, 35, 40,
51, 60, 70

Childs, Mrs. Lowrie, 26
Childs’ Mill, 28

Christmas Bird Count, 1963, 33-36
Chuker (listed as Gray Partridge),
71

Chuck-will’s-widow, 61, 73
Coot, American, 15, 16, 51, 59, 71
Cormorant, Double-crested, 13, 15,
49, 59, 68

Cortelyou, R. G., 45, 49, 58, 59, 66
Apparent Local Differences in the
Calls of the Acadian Flycatcher,
82-83

Counties, Adams, 11, 33, 49, 66
Antelope, 11
Arthur, 61
Brown, 63, 66
Buffalo, 33, 61, 62, 64
Cass, 16, 34, 49, 66
Cherry, 15-16, 62
Dawes, 33, 45, 47-48, 49, 60, 66, 83
Dawson, 37-38 and 40, 61, 62
Douglas 45, 49, 66, 82
Gage, 34, 45, 49, 66
Garden, 15
Garfield, 11
Hamilton, 66
Harlan, 67

Jefferson, 14, 34, 40, 49
Kearney, 33
Keith, 33, 59, 67

Lancaster, 11, 34, 49, 63-64, 64, 67
Lincoln, 33, 36-37, 40, 45, 49, 62-
63, 67

Nebraska Bird Review

87

Logan, 12, 16, 33, 67, 83
McPherson, 49
Merrick, 67

Nemaha, 11, 34, 40, 45, 49, 60, 67
Platte, 11, 67
Rock, 12

Sarpy, 9-11, 34, 42-44, 49, 66
Saunders, 11

Scotts Bluff, 49, 62, 64, 67
Sheridan, 61
Thomas, 83

Webster, 12, 13, 45, 49, 60-61, 67
York, 61, 63

Cowbird, Brown-headed, 15, 46, 56,
59, 79

Cox, Mrs. Morris A., 45, 49, 67
Crane, Sandhill, 37, 51, 60, 62, 71
Whooping, 37, 62
Creeper, Brown, 35, 54, 75, 85
Crossbill, Red, 16, 36, 57, 63, 80
Crow, Common, 15, 35, 46, 49, 59, 75
Cuckoo, Black-billed, 52, 73
Yellow-billed, 16, 38, 52, 59, 73, 85
Curlew, Hudsonian, see Whimbrel
Long-billed, 15, 51, 59, 71
Dachauer, Rev. Alban J., 58
Bankers, Mrs. John, 67, 84
Davies, Elsie, 33
DeFlon, Alberta, 33
Deweese, Alice T. (Mrs. Fred W.),
Notes on Dr. Solon R. Towne and
Early Bird Study in Omaha and
Nebraska, 18-28
Dewey, Mrs. Marvin, 59
Dickcissel, 13-14, 15, 46, 47, 56, 59,
79

Doole, Dr. Howard P., 34
Dove, Mourning, 15, 16, 35, 37, 45,
52, 59, 66, 72
Rock, 15, 35, 59, 72
Dowitcher, 15, 52, 60, 72
Duck, Ring-necked, 50, 69
Ruddy, 15, 16, 50, 69
Wood, 45, 50, 58, 60, 69
Eagle, Bald, 34, 51, 61, 70
Golden 34, 48, 51, 70
Egret, Common, 50, 58
Snowy, 15, 68
Eiche, August, 21
Elsen, Dean, 67

Falcon, Peregrine, 35, 51, 70
Prairie, 35, 47, 51, 70
Ferris, Mrs. Rexford, 67, 84
Field Day, Fall, 15-16
Finch, Cassin’s, 56, 80
House, 56, 80
Purple, 33, 36, 56, 80, 85
Fink, Bill, 33

Flicker, 15, 16, 35, 45, 48, 49, 59, 64,
67, 73

Flycatcher, Acadian, 53, 74, 82
Empidonax, 15, 53, 59, 74
Great Crested, 15, 45, 53, 59, 74
Least, 53, 74
Olive-sided, 53, 74
Scissor-tailed, 53, 74, 85
Traill’s, 53, 74
Yellow-bellied, 13, 53
Fontenelle Forest, 25-27, 42-44
Association, 25, 58
Fuller, Rose Dale (Mrs. Herb), 58, 59
Gadwall, 15, 16, 34, 50, 59, 68
Gallinule, Common, 66, 71
Gates, Doris, 33, 34, 45, 49, 58, 59, 60,
62, 66, 67, 83, A Study of the Nest¬
ing Behavior of the Western
Tanager, 2-9, A Day in the Pine
Ridge, 47-48, 39th Annual Cooper¬
ative Spring Migration and Oc¬
curence Report, 66-81
Gates, Leroy M., 59, 60, 67
Mrs. L. M., 67
Ruth, 60

Gifford, Dr. Harold, 20, 25, 26, 27,
28, 42

Gifford Preserve, 44
Gilder, Robert, 26, 28
Glandon, Earl W., 12, 16, 33, 83, 84
Mr. and Mrs. Earl W., 67
Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 13, 54, 76
God wit, Hudsonian, 72
Marbled, 59, 72
Goldeneye, Barrow’s, 40, 50
Common, 34, 40, 50, 69
Goldfinch, American, 15, 16, 34, 36,
46, 57, 59, 80
Goodall, Mrs. R. A., 59
Gbose, 49
Blue, 34, 50, 68
Canada, 15, 34, 50, 60, 68

88

Nebraska Bird Review

Snow, 34, 50, 68
White-fronted, 34, 50, 68
Goshawk, 33, 50, 70
Grackle, Common, 15, 16, 35, 40, 46,
56, 59, 64, 79
Grebe Eared, 15, 49, 67
Horned, 45, 49, 60, 67
Pied-billed, 15, 49, 59, 68
Western, 15, 49, 59, 67
Griffin, Verneil, 34
Grosbeak, Black-headed, 15, 40, 56,
64, 79

Blue, 15, 46, 56, 59, 79
Evening, 33, 36, 40, 56, 79, 85
Pine, 40, 56, 80, 84
Rose-breasted, 46, 56, 79
Grouse, Sharp-tailed, 15, 16, 51, 71
Sage, 58

Gull, Bonaparte’s, 15
Franklin’s, 15, 52, 59, 72
Herring, 52, 59, 72
Ring-billed, 15, 16, 35, 52, 59, 72
Hardin, Mrs. Lynn (Lena), 34, 45
Harrington, Ralph, 34, 49, 59, 62, 64,
67

Hawk, Broad-winged, 51, 70
Cooper’s, 34, 47, 51, 70
Ferruginous, 34, 51, 59, 70
Krider’s Red-tailed, 34
Marsh, 15, 16, 34, 51, 59, 70
Pigeon, 35, 51, 70
Red-shouldered, 51, 70
Red-tailed, 16, 34, 45, 49, 59, 64, 70
Rough-legged, 15, 16, 34, 51, 70
Sharp-shinned, 34, 50, 70
Sparrow, 15, 16, 35, 45, 47, 49, 59,
70

Swainson’s, 15, 16, 45, 51, 59, 70
Heineman, Mrs. Paul (Lorene), 16,
66

Heron, Black-crowned Night, 15, 37,
45, 50, 59, 68

Great Blue, 15, 34, 37, 45, 49, 59,
64, 67, 68
Green, 50, 68
Little Blue, 63

Yellow-crowned Night, 9-11, 45,
50, 68

Heywood, Ida May, 34, 60, 67
Hinman, Ed, 58

Hoge, Glen L., 14, 34, 49, 66
Mrs. Glen L. (Wanda), 40, 49, 66,
85

Holmgren, Mrs. Howard, 66
Horsky, L. O., 20, 23, 24, 25, 44
Hummingbird, Ruby-throated, 52,
73, 84

Hunter, W. D., 20, 21, 23
Huntley, C. W., 33, 58, 59, 67
Hurlbutt, Edith, 66
Ibis, White Ibis in Rock County, 12
White-faced, 60, 68
Jaques, Francis Lee, 29
Jay, Blue, 15, 16, 35, 46, 49, 59, 64,
66, 75, 84
Pinon, 35, 53, 75
Jones, Albert, 33
Mrs. A. M. (Margaret), 33, 49, 66
Joslyn, Mrs. Sarah, 25, 26
Junco, Gray, 81

Oregon, 36, 57, 63, 80, 84
Slate-colored, 16, 36, 57, 63, 64,
80, 84

White-winged, 80

Keim, Mr. and Mrs. George, 63, 67,
84

George, 64

Killdeer, 15, 16, 34, 37, 45, 51, 59,
62, 71

Kinch, Carol, Some Dawson County
Records, 37-38, 40
Kingbird, Cassin’s, 53, 59, 74
Eastern, 15, 16, 38, 45, 53, 59, 74
Western, 15, 38, 45, 53, 59, 74
Kingfisher, Belted, 16, 34, 35, 52, 59,
73

Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 35, 54, 64,
76, 85

Ruby-crowned, 35, 54, 76
Klotz, Mrs. Gertrude, 34
Knots in Lincoln County, 62-63
Knowles, Lawrence, 66
Lark, Horned, 15, 16, 35, 45, 48, 53,
59, 74

LeDioyt, Glenn H., 58, 61, 62, 66
Leonard, R. “Dick”, 67
Lewin, Dr. Victor, 9
Lionberger, Mrs. Earle, 58
Logan, Mrs. E, C., 63, 66

Nebraska Bird Review

89

Longspur, Chestnut-collared, 58, 81
Lapland, 36, 58, 81
Smith’s, 58

Loon, Common, 49, 67
Lowry, Dr. H. B., 21
Lubben, Mrs. Mildred, 34
Ludden, Miss Carrie, 62, 64
Magpie, Black-billed, 15, 16, 35, 46,
47, 53, 59, 75

Malkowski, James, 10, 58, 66, The
Present Statue of Fontenelle
Forest 42-44

Mallard, 15, 33, 34, 45, 50, 59, 68
Marrow, Ronnie, 61
Martin, Purple, 46, 53, 59, 63, 75
Maunder, Vera, 33
McDaniel, Leonard, 61
McIntosh, Mrs. Edith, 33, 62
Meadowlark, 35, 48, 49
Eastern, 15, 46, 48, 59, 78
Western, 15, 16, 46, 47, 48, 59, 78
Meeting, The Sixty-third Annual,
58-60

Menzel, Karl E., Surf Scoter in Rock
County, 12, White Ibis in Rock
County, 12

Merganser, Common, 34, 37, 50, 59,
70

Hooded, 50, 60, 70
Red-breasted, 70

Mockingbird, 35, 38, 40, 54, 59, 75
Morris, Lee, 59, 61, 63
Morton Margaret, 67, 84
Mowery, Mrs. B. F., 49, 67
Neeland, Leta, 66
Nelson, Burton, 33
Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. Nelius, 15
Nesting Report, 1963, 45-46
Niedrach, Robert J., 30-32
Nielsen, Ella (Mrs. Walter), 40, 67,
85

Nighthawk, Common, 15, 52, 73
Notes on Dr. Solon R. Towne and
Early Bird Study in Omaha and
Nebraska, 18-28
Nuthatch, Pigmy, 54
Red-breasted, 15, 35, 54, 63, 64, 75,
84, 85

White-breasted, 16, 35, 46, 54, 64,
75, 84

Oberholzer, Harry C., 28
Omaha Bird Club, 49, 58
O’Neil, James, 66

Oriole, Baltimore, 38, 46, 49, 56, 59,
79

Bullock’s, 56, 59, 79
Orchard, 15, 38, 46, 56, 99, 78, 83
Osprey, 16, 51, 70
Ovenbird, 47, 55, 78
Owl, Barred, 52, 73
Barn, 45, 58, 73, 85
Boreal, 12, 52, 61
Burrowing, 15, 52, 59, 73
Great Horned, 15, 16, 35, 45, 49,
59, 60, 73, 85
Long-eared, 52, 73
Saw-whet, 73
Screech, 45, 52, 73, 85
Short-eared, 15, 35, 49, 52, 73
Snowy, 35, 49, 52, 64, 66, 73
Partridge, Gray (actually was a
Chukar), 71

Patton, Florence (Mrs. F. J.), 14, 34
Paul, Mrs. Margaret, 66
Peckman, Mrs. Roxanna, 34
Pelican, White, 40, 49, 59, 68
Pennington, Iola, 13
Perkins, Mrs. S. A., 66
Pewee, Eastern Wood, 53, 74
Western Wood, 47, 53, 60, 74
Peyton, Mary, 33
Phalarope, Northern, 15, 72
Wilson’s, 15, 37, 52, 59, 72
Pheasant, Ring-necked, 15, 16, 35,
45, 49, 59, 71

Phoebe, Eastern, 45, 53, 59, 74
Say’s, 45, 53, 59, 74
Pine Ridge, A Day in the, 47-48
Pintail, 15, 16, 34, 50, 59, 68
Pipit, 16, 48, 55, 64
Sprague’s, 55, 76
Water, 54, 59, 66, 76
Plattsmouth Bird Club, 49
Game Refuge, 16, 66
Plover, American Golden, 51, 71
Black-bellied, 51, 59, 71, 85
Piping 60

Semipalmated, 51, 71
Snowy, 71

Upland, 15, 45, 51, 59, 60, 67, 71

90

Nebraska Bird Review

Pogge, Dr. and Mrs. Raymond, 34
Pool, Dr. Raymond J. 21
Poor-will, 14, 52, 73, 83
Powell, Dr. Leon, 66
Pritchard, Mr. and Mrs. C. C., 34
Pruess, Neva (Mrs. Kenneth), 49, 58,
59, 67, Sixth Fall Record Report,
48-58

Quade, Robert, 59
Radford, Norma, 60
Rail, Virginia, 51
Redhead, 15, 50, 60, 66, 69
Redpoll, Common, 56, 61, 80
Redstart, American, 15, 47, 56, 59, 78
Reece, Mrs. Charles, 15
Reports, 1963 Christmas Bird Count
in Nebraska, 33-36, Nesting Re¬
port, 1963, 45-46, Sixth Fall Re¬
cord Report, 48-58, Spring Migra¬
tion and Occurrence Report, 1963,
Treasurer’s, 39

Richardson, Mr. and Mrs. Levi, 47
Rietsma, Mrs. Clyde, 9
Rigge, Father William, 19
Ritchey, Ellen, 33

Robin, 15, 16, 33, 35, 46, 48, 54, 59,
64, 76, 85

Rogers, Richard, 15, 58
Sanderling, 52

Sandpiper, Baird’s, 51, 59, 72
Least, 72

Pectoral, 51, 59, 71
Semipalmated, 15, 52, 59,, 72
Solitary, 51, 71
Spotted, 15, 51, 59, 71
Stilt, 15, 52, 59, 67, 72
Western, 60, 72
White-rumped, 15, 59, 72
Sandstedt Dr. and Mrs. Robert, 34
Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied, 35, 36-37,
53, 67, 74, 83
Scaup, Greater, 69
Lesser, 15, 50, 59, 69
Scheiber, Hazel, 34
Scoter, Surf, 12, 66, 69
Sharpe, Roger S., 66, Yellow-crown¬
ed Night Heron Nesting in Ne¬
braska, 9-11

Shickley, Gail (Mrs. M. F.), 33, 40,
49, 59, 67, 85, 1963 Christmas Bird
Count in Nebraska, 33
Shoemaker, Frank, 20, 21, 23
Shoveller, 15, 16, 34, 50, 59, 69
Shrike, Loggerhead, 15, 35, 55, 59,
77

Northern, 35, 55, 77
Siskin, Pine, 15, 16, 36, 46, 56, 59,
67, 80

Smith, Mrs. Esther, 34
Snipe, Common, 16, 35, 51, 71
Solitaire, Townsend’s, 33, 35, 54, 63,
76, 85

Sora, 51, 71

Sparrow, Baird’s, 16, 57, 80
Brewer’s, 81

Cripping, 15, 36, 46, 57, 59, 81
Clay-colored, 16, 57, 59, 81
Field, 15, 57, 81
Fox, 13, 57, 81

Grasshopper, 15, 46, 57, 59, 61, 80
Harris’, 16, 36, 57, 59, 63, 81, 84
Henslow’s, 57

House, 15, 16, 35, 46, 56, 59, 63, 78,
84

Lark, 15, 16, 40, 46, 47, 57, 59, 80
Leconte’s, 57, 80
Lincoln’s, 16, 34, 36, 58, 81
Savannah, 15, 16, 57, 59. 80
Song, 16, 36, 48, 49, 58, 81, 84
Swamp, 58, 81
Tree, 36, 57, 81
Vesper, 15, 16, 57, 80
White-crowned, 16, 36, 40, 57, 59,

63, 81, 84

White-throated, 16, 36, 40, 57, 63,
81

Spidell, Mr. and Mrs. George, 34
Starling, 15, 16, 35, 46, 55, 59, 62, 63,

64, 77, 84

Sturmer, Mary, 34
Sullivan, Charles, 60
Svoboda, Mrs. W. J., 85
Swallow, Bank, 45, 53, 59, 74
Barn, 15, 16, 38, 45, 53, 59, 75
Cliff, 45, 53, 59, 75, 83
Rough-winged, 15, 16, 53, 59, 74
Tree, 53, 74
Violet-green, 74

Nebraska Bird Review

91

Swan, Trumpeter, 58
Swanson, Carl, 49, 66, 84
Mrs. Kermit S., 14, 66
Swenk, Myron, 20, 23
Swift, Chimney, 15, 16, 45, 52, 59, 73
White-throated, 47, 52, 73
Tanager, Scarlet, 15, 56, 79
Western, 2-9, 56, 79
Taylor, W. Edgar, 23
Teal, Blue-winged, 15, 16, 45, 50, 59,
69

Cinnamon, 50, 69
Green-winged, 15, 16, 34, 50, 59, 69
Tern, Black, 15, 52, 59, 72
Caspian, 52

Common, 15, 49, 52, 72
Forster’s, 15, 49, 72
Least, 52, 72

Thrasher, Brown, 15, 16, 34, 35, 38,
46, 54, 59, 76

Thrush, Gray-cheeked, 15, 76
Hermit, 76

Swainson’s, 15, 54, 59, 76
Wood, 15, 54, 76
Titmouse, Tufted, 35, 46, 54, 75
Tout, Wilson, 21
Towhee, Green-tailed, 12
Rufous-sided, 15, 16, 36, 46, 47, 57,
59, 63, 80
Towl, Roy, 25

Towne, Dr. Solon R., 18-28, 42
Tremaine, Dr. Mary, 15, 63
Trostler, I. S., 20
Turkey, 16, 45, 51, 71, 84
Turner, Harold, 45, 49, 67
Turnstone, Ruddy, 67, 71, 83
Tyler, Dr. A. A., 20, 25, 26, 42
Vance, Norma Mae (Mrs. Alvin), 49,
67

Van Fleet, A. H., 23
Veery, 76

Vernon, Alice, 34, 60, 67
Viehmeyer, Catherine (Mrs. Glenn),
45, 49, 62, 67
Glenn, 67

Vireo, Bell’s, 15, 46, 55, 59, 77
Philadelphia, 77
Red-eyed, 15, 46, 55, 59, 77
Solitary, 13, 55, 67, 77
Warbling, 15, 46, 55, 59, 77

White-eyed, 55, 77
Yellow-throated, 55, 77
Vulture, Black, 66, 70
Turkey, 50, 59, 70
Watson, Nellie, 34
Warbler, Audubon, 16, 47, 55, 59, 78
Black and White, 15, 47, 55, 77
Blackburnian, 13
Blackpoll, 55, 78
Black-throated Blue, 55, 66, 77
Black-throated Green, 78
Blue-winged, 77
Canada, 78
Cerulean, 55, 78
Chestnut-sided, 78
Connecticut, 55
Hooded, 78
Kentucky, 55, 78
Macgillvray’s, 78
Magnolia, 55, 77
Mourning, 55, 78
Myrtle, 16, 38, 55, 59, 77, 85
Nashville, 16, 55, 77
Orange-crowned, 16, 55, 77
Palm, 78
Parula, 66, 77
Tennessee, 55, 77
Townsend’s, 59
Virginia’s, 67, 77
Wilson’s, 16, 55, 59, 61, 78
Worm-eating, 55
Yellow, 15, 38, 46, 47, 55, 59, 77
Waterthrush, Louisiana, 55, 78
Northern, 55, 78
Waxwing, Bohemian, 55, 64, 76
Cedar, 16, 35, 46, 48, 49, 55, 59, 64,
66, 67, 76, 84
Weider, Edgar D., 58
Weigand, John P., 58
Wensien, Ruth, (Mrs. Adolf), 34
40, 45, 49, 67, Nesting Report, 1963,
45-46

Whimbrel, 61, 71
Whip-poor-will, 14, 38, 52, 73
Whitmus, Mr. and Mrs. Harold V.,
34

Widgeon, American, 15, 16, 50, 59, 69
Willet, 15, 71
Wilson, Wayne, 67
Winter, Bertha, 15, 59

Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, Inc.
Brownville, Nebraska 68321
Return Requested

Witschy, Mr. and Mrs. Roy, 67
Wolcott, Prof. Robert H., 20, 21, 23
Wood, Mrs. Gertrude, 49, 66
Woodpecker, Downy, 16, 35, 45, 49,
59, 64, 84

Hairy, 16, 35, 45, 49, 59, 64, 74, 84
Lewis’, 74

Red-bellied, 35, 45, 53, 73
Red-headed, 15, 35, 38, 45, 53, 59,
73

Wren, Bewick’s, 75
Carolina, 54, 60, 75

House, 14, 15, 38, 46, 47, 54, 59, 61,
75

Long-billed Marsh, 15, 54, 60, 75
Rock, 54, 59, 75
.Short-billed Marsh, 54, 59, 75
Winter, 54, 61, 75
Wright, Charles, 67
Yellowlegs, Greater, 16, 51, 59, 71
Lesser, 16, 51, 59, 71
Yellowthroat, 15, 38, 46, 55, 59, 78
Young J. O., 60
Mr. and Mrs. S., 67